Application of inorganic thermal insulation materials in building energy-saving projects

1 Building energy-saving and insulation materials China's vast territory, winter and summer heat is very prominent, compared with other countries in the same latitude, winter temperature from the north of the Yangtze River to the northeast is 10~18T, the summer temperature is high 2. Due to China's construction The insulation, heat insulation and airtightness of the objects are not enough, so that the insulation, heat insulation and air tightness of the existing buildings and new buildings are mostly poor, and the heating efficiency of the heating system is generally low. According to statistics, by the end of 2000, the buildings that can meet the building energy-saving design standards accounted for only 0.5% of the total urban and rural buildings, accounting for 9% of the city's existing heating residential buildings. Most of the new buildings are still high-energy buildings.

Of the more than 40 billion m2 urban and rural buildings in China, 99% are high-energy buildings; more than 95% of new buildings are still high-energy buildings. China's resources are less than one-fifth of the world's average, and the energy consumption per unit of building area is three to five times that of developed countries with similar climates. It can be seen that to change the current situation of energy shortage in China and alleviate the pressure on energy supply and demand, the key is building energy conservation. Building energy conservation has become the most potential and most direct and effective way of various energy-saving ways. It is one of the most effective measures to alleviate energy tension and solve the contradiction between social and economic development and insufficient energy supply.

China's building energy conservation work has been carried out for more than 20 years, and it has invested a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources, and achieved preliminary good results. At present, it has increased from 30% of building energy efficiency to 50%, and some cities such as Beijing are moving towards 65%. The National Plan for Medium- and Long-Term Development of Energy (the 2004-2020 draft defines the goal of developing an energy-saving economy and building an energy-saving society in China, and proposes a policy of prioritizing energy conservation. Relying on technological innovation, institutional innovation and management innovation, The country has formed a production and consumption pattern conducive to energy conservation. With the development of China's building energy conservation work and the large number of new building materials products required for building energy conservation, the state has issued a total of building energy conservation in order to develop China's building energy conservation work. Design standards and energy-saving standards for architectural lighting, etc., the promulgation and implementation of these national standards will greatly promote the development of building energy-saving work in China.

At present, with the rapid growth of China's national economy and the improvement of people's living standards, people's requirements for living comfort are getting higher and higher. Improving the comfort of living in existing non-energy-saving houses will inevitably increase energy consumption. For the former non-heating areas, air-conditioning, floor heating and other heating facilities have been installed more and more in urban and rural residential buildings. Especially in the southern region, the installation rate of air-conditioning has exceeded 50%, which will inevitably aggravate the energy shortage in China. China's building energy consumption is 27.6% of total social energy consumption. It is estimated that by 2020, building energy consumption will exceed one-third of China's total energy consumption. Therefore, reducing building energy consumption will become a very important task in promoting energy-efficient buildings in China. The Minister of Construction stated at the 2nd International Conference on Intelligent, Green Building and Building Energy Conservation that during the 11th Five-Year Plan period, China will vigorously develop energy-efficient buildings and green buildings to promote the construction of a resource-saving society and an environment-friendly society. China will also organize the implementation of “Building Energy Conservation Project”, and try to implement local standards for energy saving of 65% in municipalities such as Beijing, and gradually become national standards; conduct low-energy, ultra-low-energy and green building demonstrations, enhance technical reserves; and carry out energy conservation in existing buildings. Transform urban-level demonstrations, actively explore, accumulate experience, and gradually promote.

Shenyang City has successively issued 28 relevant documents for the application and management of new building wall materials for building energy efficiency in Shenyang, the “10th Five-Year Plan for Building Energy Conservation in Shenyang” and the 2015 plan, to strengthen scientific and technological research, and completed the technical regulations and construction of energy-saving buildings. More than 30 scientific research projects. According to the statistics of relevant departments, from 1993 to the end of 2004, Shenyang City has built a total of 26.19 million m2 of energy-saving buildings, with a total energy saving rate of 50.5% of the energy-efficient buildings of 25.84 million m2; the application rate of new wall buildings increased from 5% to 83%. The production of clay bricks dropped from 2.4 billion standard bricks in 1993 to 590 million standard bricks, saving a total of about 1 million tons of standard coal in building energy conservation and reducing wall material production energy consumption.

From January 1, 2006, the mandatory energy-saving standards for new residential buildings will be increased from 50% to 65%; public buildings and residential construction projects that are not built according to energy-saving standards after the stipulated date will not be approved, and construction will not be reached. Items for energy quality standards are not accepted. The Shenyang Municipal Construction Committee will also carry out energy-saving renovation of existing buildings in a planned way, and achieve energy-saving, land-saving, water-saving and material-saving, reduce resource consumption, improve building function quality and human comfort in recent years through various feasible methods. Through effective wall reform, China's thermal insulation and energy-saving wall has made considerable progress, but the gap between us and developed countries still exists, and there is still a considerable gap between the requirements of China's building energy-saving policy, so we need to continue to increase Research and development of insulation and energy-saving walls. In combination with China's national conditions, in order to achieve the goal of 65% energy saving in buildings as soon as possible, we should make full use of industrial waste and develop block products that conform to China's national conditions; vigorously develop new composite wall systems and wall materials; improve the standards of thermal insulation and energy-saving wall products. And ensure the application of new wall materials, accelerate the pace of promotion and application of insulation and energy-saving wall materials. The wall as a retaining structure is a crucial factor affecting building energy efficiency. The development of a national thermal insulation wall objectively reflects the state of energy conservation in this country.

With the development of China's national economy, the insulation and energy-saving wall will have a broad development prospect in China's construction industry.

Building energy efficiency can be achieved in a variety of ways and in multiple channels, but in either case, the important material basis is thermal insulation.

2 History and development of thermal insulation materials The foreign thermal insulation materials industry has a long history. The insulation materials for building energy conservation account for the vast majority. Since the 1970s, foreign countries have begun to pay great attention to the production and application of thermal insulation materials, and strive to reduce them drastically. Energy consumption, thereby reducing environmental pollution and the greenhouse effect. For example, in the United States, building insulation materials accounted for about 81% of all insulation materials since 1987, and more than 80% of rock wool products in Western European countries such as Sweden and Finland are used for building energy conservation. Building energy conservation is not only the promulgation and implementation of building energy conservation regulations, but its implementation also involves a large industrial group, in which thermal insulation materials and products are an important factor affecting building energy efficiency. The development and application of building insulation materials have received increasing attention from all over the world. New insulation materials are constantly emerging. 4. In recent years, countries around the world have taken effective measures to develop insulation materials, and the annual growth rate of insulation materials in major producing countries. Fluctuating around 10%, for example, Japan, the annual growth rate of insulation materials is 10%-12%, the greater the production and use of insulation materials, the more energy savings. In this sense, the production of thermal insulation materials is the production of energy, and the development of thermal insulation materials is the development of energy. The development of thermal insulation materials is smaller than the development of energy investment, short construction period, more resources, and quicker results. Therefore, take effective measures to vigorously develop the thermal insulation material industry, actively promote the role of thermal insulation materials in energy conservation, and carefully organize the promotion and application of thermal insulation materials. It is a glorious and arduous task for the relevant authorities and scientific and technological workers to use the insulation materials in the place where the insulation materials are used. At present, the developed countries are in the research and development of slurry insulation materials. Lightweight multi-functional composite slurry insulation material. The performance of such slurry insulation materials is significantly improved compared with the traditional slurry insulation materials, such as low thermal conductivity and good safety and durability. At the same time, this kind of composite slurry insulation material has excellent functionality, such as non-Freon flame retardant polyurethane foam composite slurry insulation material, ultra-lightweight full-water calcium silicate slurry insulation material, etc., which can meet different use conditions. Requirements. In addition, in the development of "green" insulation materials, foreign countries have also made considerable attempts, from the preparation of raw materials for mining or transportation, product production and use, and future handling issues, require maximum resources and reduce Environmental hazards. The thermal insulation material industry is a very successful example of the recycling of foreign resources. 6. The variety of thermal insulation materials in the world has grown to six categories and dozens of varieties. Due to different resource conditions and technical conditions, the development of insulation materials also has its own focus. For example, the United States and Japan focus on the development of fiberglass, while the Nordic focuses on the development of mineral wool. Hungary attaches great importance to the development of fiber insulation materials. Traditional insulation materials, such as diatomaceous earth, are used in the United States, the Soviet Union, and Japan. In recent years, countries have generally attached importance to the development of perlite. 5. Domestic pilots of exterior insulation technology began in the mid-1980s, and the technology is widely used. Used in the construction sector. However, the current level of building energy efficiency in China is still far lower than that of developed countries, and the energy consumption per unit area of ​​buildings is still 3 to 5 times that of developed countries with similar climate. Domestic building energy conservation work is progressing well in Beijing and Tianjin, but many towns in the heating area are making slow progress. The main reasons are: poor awareness of building energy conservation; legislation is not perfect, although energy-saving technical standards are mandatory standards, However, there is a lack of administrative regulations and enforcement agencies to implement supervision; the heating fee system of the fee system is not directly related to the interests of users, and it cannot promote residents' concern for saving heat. Building energy conservation lacks an economic policy-driven mechanism. Construction units often over-consider one-time infrastructure investment; energy-saving technology investment is too small, and the work from research to promotion is not complete, and the building energy-saving industrial system has not been fully established. 6. In the past, due to China's buildings do not emphasize insulation, industrial insulation also lacks strict regulations and requirements, the production of insulation materials is small, the application is narrow, and regional imbalances, insulation materials production plants are concentrated in the Northeast, North China and East China. Therefore, the national energy utilization rate is only 28%, 72% of the energy is wasted, China's energy utilization rate is 50% lower than that of industrially developed countries. China's insulation materials are perlite, diatomaceous earth, frog stone and Asbestos dominated. Inorganic fiber, foam plastic, microporous calcium silicate board, aerated concrete, has developed rapidly in recent years. 5. Before 1990, Liaoning's expanded perlite was mainly used for roof insulation as the whole country, due to new thermal codes such as construction. The technical requirements are gradually processed into perlite products, which are also used for roof insulation. Other insulation materials are mainly used for industrial furnaces and pipe insulation. After 1990, due to the requirements of building energy-saving standards and the continuous promotion of energy-saving residential test plots, insulation materials have been used more for building roofs and wall and floor insulation. 7. Overall, at present, China's wall insulation materials technology The level is low, the types are small, and most of the products belong to low-end products. The types of thermal insulation materials commonly found in China are mainly the following: Currently, foam insulation materials commonly used in construction mainly include two categories: foam asbestos insulation materials and polymer foam insulation materials. Among them, the polymer foaming type thermal insulation material has been favored by all parties because of its small absorption rate, low thermal conductivity, and no dust on site, and has been widely promoted and applied.

Calcium silicate insulation products have been popular in the 1980s and are among the best in block hard insulation materials. However, with the continuous advancement of the times, the development of science and technology, and the improvement of research methods, the thermal insulation materials of calcium silicate insulation products are no longer dominant in the market. The main reason for this result is that the manufacturer made the calcium silicate insulation product insulation material as a substitute for asbestos for the purpose of cost reduction, etc., because the pulp fiber is not resistant to high temperature, the calcium silicate prepared by this material is used. The high temperature resistance of the insulation material of the heat insulating product is seriously reduced, and the brittleness of the product is greatly increased, and the breaking rate of the product is increased.

In the 1980s, fiber insulation materials were widely used in the insulation of building walls and roofs due to their excellent fire performance and thermal insulation properties. However, with the advent of new insulation materials, the disadvantages of fiber insulation materials have gradually emerged. For example, the investment is large, and the manufacturers are few. In the comparison with other emerging insulation products, they are gradually at a disadvantage, which greatly limits the fiber insulation materials. Promotional application.

The general properties of the composite silicate insulation material are low thermal conductivity, high temperature resistance and high fire resistance. Not only that, because the raw materials for preparing silicate insulation materials are rich in source, low in price, and have an advantage in market competition. The main types of common silicate insulation materials include magnesium silicate, aluminum, and rare earth composite insulation materials.

Ultra-light insulation blocks have the advantages of light weight, fast construction speed and good thermal insulation effect. In addition, ultra-light insulation blocks can also make extensive use of industrial wastes such as fly ash and slag as raw materials in the production process. In terms of reducing production costs, on the other hand, it can turn waste into treasure, reduce environmental pollution, and save energy and environmental protection with the widespread adoption of frame structures, especially in recent years, the application of light steel keel structure housing and factory buildings The emergence and application of composite insulation wall materials, the production and application of ultra-light insulation blocks have achieved unprecedented rapid development. 8.3 Classification and characteristics of insulation materials Thermal insulation materials are a kind of slowdown caused by conduction, convection and radiation. The heat flow rate of the material or composite material. Due to the high thermal resistance of the material, the insulating material prevents heat flow into and out of the building. According to the general rules of equipment and pipeline insulation technology, when the average temperature is not more than 623K, the thermal conductivity of the material should be less than 0.14W/(inK. The advantages of insulation materials are mainly as follows: 1 From the perspective of economic efficiency, not only can insulation materials be used A large amount of energy saving is saved, and the scale of air conditioning and heating of mechanical equipment is reduced, and the equipment cost is saved.

From the perspective of environmental benefits, the use of thermal insulation materials not only saves energy, but also reduces the amount of pollutants emitted by the equipment due to the reduction of mechanical equipment.

3 From the perspective of comfort, the insulation material can reduce the fluctuation of the indoor temperature. Especially when the seasons alternate, it is possible to keep the room temperature steady. Insulation materials generally have sound insulation and are less susceptible to external noise.

4 From the perspective of protecting buildings, severe temperature changes will destroy the structure of the building. The use of insulation materials keeps the temperature stable, prolongs the life of the building and maintains the structural integrity of the building. Simultaneous use and installation of thermal insulation materials contributes to heat insulation and flame retardancy, reducing casualties and property losses. Currently, the types of building insulation materials can be roughly divided into three categories: organic materials, inorganic materials and organic and inorganic composites. material.

1 Organic materials dominate, representative products are: polystyrene foam board EpS, extruded board XpS, polyurethane rigid foam board and rubber powder polyphenyl granule mortar powder system. The chemical composition of organic insulation materials determines the advantages of such insulation materials: light weight, heat preservation, heat insulation, sound absorption and other good performance. It has a long history of use in cold regions, and production and construction technology has matured. Scale and standardization. However, there are also defects that cannot be changed: when the external wall is insulated, it can not be fireproof, can not be the same life as the building, pollute the environment, the process is very complicated, the construction technology is difficult, the project cost is high, and the organic material is difficult to combine with the brick wall. The strength is low, the deformation coefficient is large, and it is easy to cause accidents such as empty drums and falling off; and the anti-aging ability is poor, the eco-friendly environment of raw materials used for producing organic thermal insulation materials is poor, the resources required for production are limited, and waste materials cause “white pollution” and It is difficult to achieve recycling, and it is contrary to the new environmentally-friendly insulation materials that are now advocated. 8. Q inorganic materials are still in the expansion stage, and the market share is small. Inorganic thermal insulation mortar is a non-combustible material. It meets the requirements of thermal insulation and heat insulation. It has good compression and tensile properties, and has the same life span as the construction main body, convenient construction and low thermal insulation cost. It has a good application prospect. It is attracting the attention of all parties with its unparalleled advantages in organic materials, representing the development trend of building insulation materials.

3 A composite of an organic material and an inorganic material. At present, it is still in the trial stage. The theoretical advantage should be that the organic matter and the inorganic matter are complementary. However, in the production process, construction methods and application effects, it is necessary to improve and verify in practice. 10. 4 metal reflective insulation materials are Used in a specific environment, the principle of action is to use the reflection of radiation to transfer the external heat radiation back to the space or return to the thermal equipment and pipeline to obtain the insulation effect. Metal insulation materials are mainly aluminum foil and stainless steel foil. In recent years, all countries have studied aluminum foil. Metal insulation materials mainly have the following special properties: insulation structure is not easy to produce dust; easy to install and disassemble; has sufficient mechanical strength; has good decontamination; does not cause corrosion to equipment and pipelines; has dual functions of insulation shielding.

Foams constitute a large system of organic thermal insulation materials, and there are many types, but the most important ones are polystyrene foam and polyurethane foam. Polyurethane foams and polystyrene foams were introduced in the 1930s. Polyurethane materials have been considered as the world's six major synthetic materials. Polystyrene has become the four general plastics of today. 1. The production of polyurethane foam in China began in the late 1950s and developed in the last century. 80's.

Styrofoam is the most commonly used insulation material. Styrofoam products have good light weight and weight below 20kg/m3, good thermal insulation performance (thermal conductivity only 0.044W/mK), sound absorption and other good performance. However, in the construction, when used as the external wall insulation, some are fixed with steel keels, and the outer cover steel mesh, and then plastered, easily lead to the generation of thermal bridges. Or the special material and the coupling agent are used to bond the board to the outer wall, and then the technical requirements can be met after a thousand steps of processing. The construction is very complex polystyrene foam board, based on polystyrene resin. a certain amount of auxiliary materials containing a low-boiling liquid foaming agent, a catalyst, a stabilizer, etc., which are pre-expanded by heating to expand the expandable polystyrene beads, and then heated in a mold to form a sealed A rigid polystyrene foam board with a pore structure. As a building insulation material, it has small thermal conductivity and good thermal insulation performance; its density is small, the structural load is reduced, and it is beneficial to earthquake resistance.

The polyurethane foam is composed of a polyether resin or a polyester resin containing a hydroxyl group and an isocyanate to form a polyurethane main body, which is formed by reacting an isocyanate with water to generate a C2 gas, or by vaporizing a low boiling point hydrochlorofluorocarbon. Polyurethane foams are generally classified into: rigid foams, flexible foams, semi-rigid foams, and specialty foams. Among them, polyurethane rigid foam plastic products have low thermal conductivity and light weight, and are widely used as thermal insulation materials.

Polyvinyl chloride foam is mainly composed of PVC resin, adding appropriate amount of polymer modifier, heat stabilizer, foaming agent and plasticizer. It is mixed by low speed or high speed mixer, pre-molded or compressed. A foam made of compression foaming, extrusion foaming or injection foaming. Polyvinyl chloride is soft and hard. The basic properties of rigid PVC foam are: flammability, leaving the fire source. Immediately extinguished immediately; temperature resistance, 80T, 2h is not sticky; cold resistance, -35T, 15min no cracking; oil resistance, no change in immersion in primary gasoline for 24h; acid resistance, soaked in 20% hydrochloric acid for 24h Change; alkali resistance, no change in immersion in 45% sodium hydride solution for 24h; compressive strength is 0.35MPa; thermal conductivity of 0.023W/mK can be used for insulation, heat insulation, sound absorption and shockproof materials in building construction.

Urea-formaldehyde foams form dimethylolurea from urea and formaldehyde, and then dimethylolurea condenses to form a linear urea-formaldehyde resin. Foaming with synthetic foaming agent solution can make foaming complete, uniform, loose, foaming process moderate, easy to carry out, solidification molding in the presence of catalyst, and then dried to form a closed-cell structure of urea-formaldehyde foam plastic. It is non-toxic, flame retardant, low in density and low in price. Can be used as insulation materials, sound insulation materials. The temperature has wide adaptability range, long service life, low water absorption rate, easy cleaning, no aging, convenient construction and the like. Can be widely used in construction, transportation, chemical, and other industries.

The furfural resin foam insulation material is made of a furfural oligomer by crosslinking and foaming. Furfural resins are classified into two types: thermosetting resins and linear furfural resins. It has a low thermal conductivity and a uniform closed pore structure. Recently, a furfural foam with a thermal conductivity of only 0.0175 W/mK has been developed, which has good mechanical properties, excellent dimensional stability, low water absorption and good heat resistance. Excellent electrical insulation, flame retardant, good acid resistance and solvent resistance, especially suitable for some special field cooperative thermal insulation materials or other functional materials. In terms of flame retardant and heat insulation, furfural resin can work at 130T for a long time, and the instantaneous working temperature can reach 200~300T, which is superior to the maximum use temperature of polystyrene foaming material 70~80T. Sex. At the same time, it is also superior to polyurethane foaming material in heat resistance. In recent years, it has been made into hard aldehyde foam with standard thermal insulation. In recent years, with the continuous advancement of building energy-saving work, large-area application of organic thermal insulation materials, organic thermal insulation materials The shortcomings have been fully exposed, especially the fireproof performance of the thermal insulation material and the frequent injury to the human body after the fire. The contradiction between the thermal insulation performance and the safety performance of the thermal insulation project has reached the level of incompatibility between water and fire. Relatively speaking, organic The fire resistance of furfural and urea-formaldehyde foam materials in thermal insulation materials is slightly better, but each has other problems. How to develop organic insulation materials faces a major test!

4 inorganic thermal insulation material inorganic thermal insulation material is by far the best application, the most ideal insulation material. The inorganic thermal insulation material is mainly rock wool, glass wool and expanded perlite. It is the first thermal insulation material developed and has played a positive role in building energy-saving insulation. Compared with organic thermal insulation materials, inorganic thermal insulation materials have a slightly larger bulk density and a slightly lower thermal insulation effect, but other excellent performances are unmatched by organic thermal insulation materials. For example, inorganic insulation materials are resistant to acid and alkali, corrosion, cracking, non-shedding, high stability, no aging problems, and the same life span as building walls. In the construction process, it can be well combined with the wall base surface and the screed layer. It is easy to construct and has a wide application range. It is suitable for the insulation of various wall base materials and various shapes of complex walls, with low engineering cost and ecological protection. Requires that recycling can be achieved during the production process. It is fully enclosed, seamless, without cavities, and no hot and cold bridges are produced. Not only can the exterior wall insulation be used for external wall insulation, but also the insulation inside and outside the wall and the insulation of the roof and the thermal insulation layer of the floor. It has good fire-retardant and flame-retardant safety and can be widely used in intensive houses, public buildings, large public places, inflammable and explosive places, and places with strict fire protection requirements.

It can also be used as a fire barrier to improve building fire protection standards. Compared with emerging materials, it has the following main disadvantages: poor thermal insulation performance, large floor space, poor impact resistance and compressive strength, and high hygroscopicity. Inorganic insulation materials include: rock wool, slag wool, glass wool, aluminum silicate fiber, expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, foam glass, etc. all belong to the category of inorganic thermal insulation materials. 7,14. Mineral wool products first in the UK in 1840 It is found that the molten slag is blown to form fibers and produce slag wool for more than 170 years. From the production technology, equipment, or molding process to the advanced high-speed centrifugation method, there has been a great improvement. Progressive mineral wool products have also developed greatly. Mineral wool felts, tubes, plates, mineral wool decorative sound absorbing panels, granular cotton smear coatings and sound absorbing materials are becoming more and more popular. At the same time, due to the application of mineral wool pendulum method, the mineral wool products with long fiber, low slag ball, high elasticity, low density and high strength are obtained, and the quality is close to the quality of centrifugal glass wool products. It can be made into a rock wool felt with a low density of 18kg/m3 and mineral wool with a high heat capacity capacity of 250kg/m. It opens up a broader field for the application of mineral wool. The development and production of domestic mineral wool began in 1958. The existing standard thermal insulation rock wool, slag cotton and its products GB/T11835-2007, construction rock wool, slag cotton insulation products GB/T19686-2005. Glass wool products There are 10 to 15 countries in the world, and Saint-German of France is the inventor of centrifugal cotton technology, with the world's most advanced industrial production technology, while Owenskening of the United States is the largest production company. The annual production capacity is over 1 million tons. The development and production of glass wool in China began in the 1960s. The application volume in the 70s-80s was about 20,000 tons, but the processing capacity of products was extremely poor. In the late 1980s, Shanghai Flat Glass Factory and Beijing FRP Plant were introduced from Japan. After two centrifugal glass wool production lines, centrifugal glass wool dominated the production and sales of glass wool, and the ultra-fine cotton market is declining. Now the national glass wool production capacity has reached more than 60,000 tons. If the application in the construction field cannot be expanded, then the supply will be oversupply. The existing standard glass wool and its products for thermal insulation GB/T13350-2000. Rock wool, mineral wool and glass wool have strong temperature adaptability and are also commonly used. Insulation material, but because it contains asphalt, glue or other organic substances to varying degrees, it is easy to produce harmful substances and pollute the environment. At the same time, due to its low strength, it is easy to collapse and production process as the thermal insulation layer of the envelope structure. Complex, gradually replaced by other materials. The bulk density of expanded perlite and products is between 50~200kg/m3, and its apparent density is 40~300kg/m3. When the apparent density is 180kg/m3 at normal temperature, the thermal conductivity is <0.0465W/(mK, at high temperature. When the thermal conductivity is 0.058~0.175W/m'K. The moisture absorption rate is small and the water absorption is large. When the apparent density is 80~300kg/m3, the moisture absorption rate is 0.006%~0.080%, and the smaller the apparent density, the smaller the moisture absorption rate. High water absorption. In practice engineering, the thermal insulation material layer often loses thermal insulation performance due to the large water absorption, and loses thermal insulation capacity. 12. Its research application is later than glass wool and mineral wool, but its development speed is faster. Its price and construction performance have advantages. The existing standard expanded perlite thermal insulation products GB/T10303-2001. Expanded vitrified microbeads are made of acidic vitreous volcanic rocks, perlite, black lava and rosin containing crystal water. The granules produced by crushing, dehydration, water vaporization, melting, vitrification and other processes are irregularly spherical, and the interior is a porous cavity structure. The outer surface is closed, smooth, light in weight, fireproof, and low in water absorption. Is a new type of expanded perlite insulation material. 13. The traditional expanded perlite is The shape is extremely irregular, the surface has many holes, cracks, uneven and uneven surface of the granular product. This structural feature makes the material brittle, large compression ratio, low strength, and due to the porous, water absorption rate can be as high as 500%, These shortcomings greatly affect the long-term life and quality of the product.

The expanded perlite vitrified microbeads have a relatively regular shape and are microspherical, with a continuous smooth surface and closed pores. The apparent density is 100~200kg/m3, and when the apparent density is 180kg/m3 at normal temperature, the thermal conductivity is less than 0.046 5W/mk, the moisture absorption rate is small, and the water absorption is large. Moreover, the smaller the apparent density, the smaller the moisture absorption rate and the higher the water absorption rate. The spherical closed-cell expanded perlite has the advantages of high strength, low water absorption, excellent mortar flow performance, and no environmental pollution in production. The existing standard expanded vitrified vermiculite is derived from weathering or hydrothermal alteration of minerals such as biotite, phlogopite and chlorite. Naturally, rare vermiculite is produced, while industrial use is mainly composed of vermiculite and Regular or irregular interbed minerals formed by biotite and phlogopite are called industrial meteorites. Both diatomaceous earth and vermiculite are traditional low-efficiency inorganic thermal insulation materials, which have been used for thousands of years. The reason is that the production process is simple, the investment is small, the effect is quick, the supply is on the spot, and the use is convenient. Therefore, it is still a promising insulation material in the future. However, due to the limited resources of diatomaceous earth and meteorites, it is only appropriate to build factories in areas with resources and supply local needs. The production of expanded vermiculite is mostly carried out by roasting, and the production process may include processes such as crushing, sieving, drying, roasting and rapid cooling. After the impurities are removed from the vermiculite, the crushing is carried out to obtain granules of 1 to 2 mm, and the fine powder is sieved, and then the water content is reduced to 5% or less by the sun or the natural wind, and the heat is dried in the dry room. Then enter the vertical kiln or rotary kiln to roast and puff, the roasting temperature is generally 850~1000T, the time is 0.5~1.0min, and the expanded vermiculite is cooled immediately to obtain the expanded vermiculite. Expanded vermiculite has the properties of heat-resistant insulation, cold preservation, anti-freezing and sound insulation. Apparent density 300kg/m3, thermal conductivity 0.14W/(mk. Existing standard expanded vermiculite products C/T442-1991. Foam glass is prepared by 30% fly ash, 65% broken glass, 5% foaming agent Foam glass batch material, the fineness is controlled at 10% of the 0.08mm square hole sieve. In addition to the inorganic insulation materials discussed above, there are some inorganic insulation materials. Their common characteristics: mechanical properties, durability, etc. The overall performance is slightly better, but the insulation performance cannot be compared with organic materials.

5 Inorganic thermal insulation materials must be used in building energy-saving - composite organic insulation materials have many advantages in thermal insulation, which is impossible to achieve with inorganic materials, but the fatal shortcomings of organic thermal insulation materials can not be overcome by themselves, and inorganic thermal insulation materials In addition to the insufficient insulation performance, other properties such as fireproofing and durability are not achieved by organic thermal insulation materials. Therefore, using inorganic materials as the substrate, scientific and rational selection of organic materials for compounding is an inorganic thermal insulation material in building energy conservation. The only way to apply.

In the past ten years, the research of thermal insulation materials is mainly to improve the existing thermal insulation materials. The future research directions should be mainly reflected in the following points: 1 high-, medium-, and low-grade supporting research and development performance and low cost. Insulation Materials. On the basis of digesting and absorbing advanced technology at home and abroad, combined with China's resource conditions and engineering needs, we will develop high-grade composite thermal insulation materials based on inorganic thermal insulation materials for organic and inorganic composites for large-span industrial buildings and public buildings. Develop medium and low-grade insulation materials with good performance and low cost for single- and multi-layer industrial and civil buildings with a large area.

2 Inorganic insulation materials research should focus on reducing energy consumption in the production process, limiting dust and fiber emissions, reducing the amount of binder, and improving the water repellency of materials.

3 Research and development of organic insulation materials such as polystyrene foam insulation materials and polyurethane foams should focus on finding more suitable foaming agents, improving the flame retardant properties of materials and reducing the production cost of materials.

4 Development of new thermal insulation materials such as: organic and inorganic composite thermal insulation materials are also the main research direction. 9. Typical examples of inorganic thermal insulation materials and organic thermal insulation materials: As mentioned above, inorganic thermal insulation material expanded perlite has many advantages, but made The biggest disadvantage of the plate is that the thermal conductivity is too large. The reason for the large thermal conductivity of the plate is mainly the open pore structure of the expanded perlite. How to close the open pore structure has been discussed at home and abroad, such as the above mentioned expansion glass. Another type of microbeads is one of them. The high energy consumption in the i aspect means high cost. On the other hand, the inside of the shell is still a joint hole, and the ordinary expanded perlite phase. It is slightly lower than thermal conductivity, but its thermal conductivity is still high compared to organic insulation.

Through scientific and rational grading, the organic thermal insulation material urea-formaldehyde particles and the expanded perlite particles are compounded, preferably a suitable cementing material, so that the composite thermal insulation material has low thermal conductivity, low density, good fire retardant Performance, good mechanical properties, the main reason for obtaining such performance is that the organic urea-formaldehyde particles fully block the joint passage of the expanded perlite. Organic and inorganic insulation materials have fully utilized their respective advantages and combined into a single material that cannot be achieved.

2 Inorganic materials based on enamel coating insulation materials.

Using inorganic materials as the substrate, suitable composite fiber and organic thermal insulation material, using the on-site foaming enamel coating process, a new composite thermal insulation material and construction technology are obtained. The composite material has obvious excellent heat preservation, fireproof and good mechanical properties. The comprehensive performance of durability, and can realize the on-site construction process of large industry, with obvious development prospects.

As mentioned above, foam concrete has many advantages, but from the point of view of insulation, the thermal insulation performance is still not ideal. Compared with organic insulation materials, there is still a considerable gap. A large number of experimental research work, the polyphenyl granules, urea-formaldehyde granules and foam concrete have been compounded, and have achieved a very good variety of properties, mainly: very good thermal insulation performance, fire performance, construction performance, this material can be It is applied to the building and roof insulation, and the wall of the sandwich wall is insulated. Engineering Mechanics, 2007, 24: 121-128. Sun Cuiping.建筑节能促进我省外墙保温材料发展。四川建李寅。建筑节能之外墙保温方式探讨。建筑节能，胡伟良，候国辉。节能保温隔热材料行业发展前景。中国新技术新产品，2010，16：147.于保温材料的利用现状和发展趋势。 20-22.巩永忠，苑峰，孙艳。国内建筑外墙外保温材料现状与发展宋彦琴，张立文。辽宁保温材料现状及发展趋势。房材刘柱平。建筑墙体保温材料的研究现状与发展趋势。广伍林，杨贺易，德莲。保温材料的技术现状和发展趋势。山西建筑，2005，谢文丁。对以膨胀玻化微珠为代表的新型无机质绝热材料的探索。实验与研究，72-77.柳晓春。保温隔热材料发展及建筑应用。福建建材，肖军，李嘉华。采用新型保温隔热材料促进建筑节能可持续发展。四川建筑科学研究，2006，江飞飞。玻化微珠无机保温砂浆及其保温系统的研究。

苑静。建筑节能保温材料的发展及前景。消费导刊，冯玉珠。国外轻型保温材料的发展。新型建筑材料，张巨松。新型保温砂浆性能的实验。沈阳建筑大学学报（自然科学版，2010，5.张巨松。建筑夹心墙复合保温浆料的试验研究。沈阳建筑大学学报（自然科学版），2007，7.1

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