CFBT - Indoor Fireworks Characteristics Training

What is indoor pyrotechnic characteristics training?

The indoor pyrotechnic characteristics training (CFBT) refers to training in fire characteristics, firefighting jets, ventilation, and smoke exhaust in building fire suppression. Safe and effective fire suppression of buildings requires the following :

1. Have an in-depth understanding of how fires develop indoors or in buildings;

2. Has the ability to identify extreme fire signs;

3. Have knowledge of how tactical operations affect fire development and the environment within the building;

4. Have a higher level of application of these technologies;

In general, topics such as fire characteristics, firefighting jets, ventilation and smoke exhaust, building fire suppression tactics, and real fire training are all considered to be interrelated, but in firefighting training, they must be trained independently.

CFBT provides a comprehensive framework for raising the level of fire suppression in buildings. Although the time and concrete content of CFBT training vary, the group training usually reinforces the following topics through theoretical and practical exercises: basic fire characteristics, development of indoor fires, extreme fire phenomena, signs of fire phenomena, and fires. Extinguishing and exhausting strategies.

Basic fire characteristics

Although it seems to be basic, the basic fire characteristics are the starting point for understanding the development of fire and successfully fighting a fire. The biggest difference between the definition and concepts in books and CFBT is whether or not the theory is directly applied to reality.

The origins of CFBT theory and practice can be traced back to Sweden, and this method of improving fire-fighting knowledge and technology has been gradually extended to the world. The following figure shows that Ed Hartin ( USA ) and Nils Bergstron ( Sweden ) are teaching CBFT to a group of Malaysian firefighters attending training.

Development of fire

How does an indoor fire develop ? What determines the state of development of a fire, whether it is a combustible or an oxygen "combustion material" ? When the fire is changed from a fuel-controlled type to a ventilation-controlled type, major changes will occur. to see combat training salon of four [click to view combat training salon of four fire behavior Shu buildings, extreme fire phenomenon (on), extreme fire phenomenon (next)]. It is crucial for firefighters that the fire development stage has an impact on the tactics of the fire.

Failure to detect and identify hazards caused by smoke-controlled fire sites may increase the risk of firefighters being harmed, increase the risk of fire spreading, or present an extreme fire hazard.

Malaysian firefighters conducted simulations of fire development experiments in the "Model House" ( lower left ) . Shan Raffel (Australia) pointed out that the key phenomenon of fire development training in CFBT smoke and heat chamber (CFBT cell) (below right).

Extreme fire phenomenon

Many firefighters are aware of the definition of " flashover " or " backdraft ," and can list the characteristics of this extreme fire. However, firefighters’ casualty data indicate that the potential hazard of flashovers is often easily overlooked in the fire.

Explosion , flashback, and smoke ( combustible gas ) explosions are involved in the rapid development of fires, but these phenomena are quite different. Understanding how they occur and improving the ability to identify potential or obvious signs of extreme fire phenomena are core elements of CFBT training.

Only through classroom training can not have a practical understanding of extreme fire phenomena. The transformation from theoretical knowledge to practical application requires training in a real fire environment.

The CFBT fume heat chamber ( usually constructed of steel containers ) builds a knowledge framework for firefighters on the characteristics of building fires and provides a safe and effective training environment.

Nils Bergstrom is a senior lecturer at Räddingsverket ( Swedish National Rescue Service ) and describes the containers as firefighters' laboratories.

Nils also emphasized that the fires in the CFBT fume cell are simpler and easier to control than building fires. Participants must realize that the skills learned in the fume heat chamber must eventually be adapted and transformed into different buildings. And fire environment.

When CFBT instructor training in Uppsala, Sweden, Nick Sutcliffe (UK), Ed Hartin (United States) and another fire officials (UK) before CFBT smoke and heat chamber in preparation (left) to a meeting. The figure on the right is a window to demonstrate the full development phase of the fire, as well as the flash fire and rekindling.

The CFBT, which is often referred to as " flash training," is more than just learning to identify and respond to impending flash fires . Its significance is that the safety of firefighters depends on the initial identification of a series of extreme fire phenomena. This identification helps to select appropriate techniques and tactics to control risks and effectively control the fire.

Fire characteristics sign

( Fire Behavior Indicators )

When a fire is detected, it is necessary to make judgments and decisions on a series of problems (phenomenons) that the fire place presents. In this process, a key factor is the understanding of the current fire situation, such as the development of the fire, as well as the potential impact of tactical measures. The fire characteristic sign refers to the clues that can be used to “interpret the fire” on the visual, auditory and tactile ( ie, sensing temperature changes ) .

Fire characteristics can be divided into five basic categories :

1 Building (Building)

2 smoke (Smoke)

3 heat (Heat)

4 airflow trajectory (Air Track)

5 Fire (Flame)

Building factors are not particularly dependent on the fire because they existed before the fire ( eg, building structure, fire propagation path, fire load, ventilation conditions ) . Smoke, heat and fire can provide a lot of information for developing fires and it is a fairly obvious sign. The airflow trajectory is not so obvious, but it plays a crucial role in assessing the fire situation. Air flow trajectories include the flow trajectories of air and smoke ( for example, air flows in the lower part of the door, and smoke flows out of the door ) .

In Gresham, Oregon, firefighters and officials used the theory of fire characteristics and their personal experience to develop a conceptual map of the fire characteristics in the CFBT ( bottom left ) . John McDonough ( Australia ) listened to the participants at a CFBT on-site firefighting session ( bottom right ) .

Fire fighting and smoke tactics

If you want to improve the level of fire extinguishing and smoke exhausting technologies, serious and continuous training is required. CFBT not only combines the fire characteristics theory with fire fighting practices, but also helps to increase the proficiency of key skills. The usual practice is usually carried out in a simple indoor training room built in a steel container. However, training in extinguishing and exhausting smoke also needs to be extended to more complex props such as larger training rooms or buildings.

Lecturers from the United Kingdom and the United States are preparing to conduct training reforms in a large space training room ( lower left ) at Räddingsverket College in Rothersburg , Sweden . In terms of CFBT training, Gresham fire and emergency rescue personnel ( bottom left ) used the building to perform the highest level of simulation, but at the same time brought about the same dangerous situation as the real fire.

This article comes from Orange Rescue.