DIY solar automatic tracking system

DIY solar automatic tracking system

Mike Davis, an engineer in Arizona, set up a stand-alone power system in his backyard, using a small group of homemade solar arrays to continuously charge small battery packs. However, he had to manually move the solar panels every few hours to the best position to be exposed to the sun. He later spent $15 on a garage sale and bought a conventional television antenna rotator to finally automate the process of manually adjusting the position of the solar panel.

The first thing he must do is to establish a fixed wooden frame that keeps the solar array at the best angle (34.6 degrees north latitude). This wooden frame design is nothing special in itself. It consists mainly of 2x4 wood that can be disassembled to facilitate transportation. This is because the designer was built in his studio in Florida and then had to be delivered to his home in Arizona. Davis stated on his DIY website that since this system is only used during a certain period of the year, it does not need to have a vertical angle adjustment function.

After the physical architecture is complete, the next step is to start the electronic system. His initial idea was to use the original motor controller, plus an external system to track it, but later found it was not feasible - the original system design is suitable for occasional manual rotation adjustment angle, may not be able to respond directly to daily use A few hours of automatic rotation during the day.

He then embarked on a new control system design. Since he usually uses the MBED platform at work, he is also happy to use it in this new system design. Davis said that using the MBED platform to design the system may sound overkill, but because he is already familiar with the platform, he can complete the design more quickly. At the same time, although the platform is currently oversupplied, it also means that it can give him more room for development, so that he can further expand the system in the future or add other features, such as statistical records.

The MBED platform can read voltages from two vertically placed small PV cells and automatically rotate the angle before the voltage values ​​of the two solar panels match. However, Davis found that when the system was moved to Arizona, he couldn't work as smoothly as he did in a Florida studio test. Because Arizona's sun is too strong, the gap between two solar panels at any angle is too small. Therefore, he added a small piece of metal between the two sensors to cover a shadow so that a large output voltage gap could be formed based on the angle.

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