International drilling equipment and technology development trends and directions
With the increasing demand for oil and gas resources in the global economic development and the deepening of oil and gas exploration and development, the energy industry is increasingly demanding drilling equipment and technology. As the core construction link of the oil and gas industry, drilling is a risky project with huge investment. The advantages and disadvantages of drilling equipment directly affect the drilling speed, drilling safety and drilling economic benefits. The complexity of the exploration and construction environment adapts to the drilling equipment. The ability to operate conditions also raises higher requirements. Medical Product Cases,Medical Supply Eva Case,Medical Tool Carry Eva Case,Waterproof First Aid Kit Eva Case Dongguan C.Y. RedApple Industrial Limited , https://www.hpgbags.com
At present, drilling investment accounts for more than 50% of the entire oil exploration and development investment, which is a key factor affecting the overall efficiency of oil and gas exploration and development. Advances in drilling technology have played a pivotal role in the development of the oil and gas industry.
In response to the increasing demand for equipment reliability, functionality and technical intelligence in the drilling industry, the world's major oil companies have increased the efficiency of drilling and completion and promoted technology by introducing or developing advanced technologies and high-end drilling equipment. Integrate to achieve project integration solutions, improve the automation, intelligence and humanization level of drilling and completion technology, so as to optimize the economic benefits of oilfield development.
Fine boring machine promotes efficiency and quality change
The smaller and more compact rig structure has always been the development concept that major oil companies are committed to, and is also the exploration direction of today's rig technology development. As the most important “heavy weapon†for drilling operations, the precision drilling rig can reduce the energy consumption and speed up the construction speed while adapting to the same working environment of the traditional drilling machine, and can meet the complex working environment, such as offshore oil wells. The technical and precision requirements of the tidal flats further improve the adaptability of the rig, and at the same time reduce the operating costs and optimize economic benefits.
In a program that promotes the streamlining and streamlining of drilling systems, Shell has proposed a series of complete ideas. Shell has developed a surface blowout preventer system, a subsea high-tech unit capable of working in deep waters and more unstable sea conditions, enabling rigs from 2 to 3 generations to be drilled in 4 to 5 generations of rigs. The operation significantly reduces the operating time of the riser and the installation of a large and complex conventional subsea BOP stack, enabling deepwater drilling operations with small-scale drilling costs.
Shell combines a riser-free mud recovery system with a surface blowout preventer to form a subsea isolation unit that enables more efficient efficiency and capacity than conventional blowout preventers in deepwater operations. The system currently operates at a maximum water depth of 5,000 feet (about 1,500 meters) and a matching casing size of 45 inches. Shell has used surface blowout preventer systems in 22 wells on five rigs with a cumulative water depth of 9,400 feet.
At the same time, Shell is developing a high-end inertial head rig and drilling ship. The rig structure will be more compact and more productive than conventional rigs. The new drilling ship is still able to achieve comparable or even better performance than the fifth-generation drilling ship, while the construction and operation costs are much lower than those of the fifth-generation drilling ship. On the other hand, the drilling ship has the ability to adapt to the environment from the tropical to the polar environment, which can greatly reduce fuel consumption and save operating time. The drilling ship uses a can-type drilling platform to save a lot of space in the derrick, which can be used for preparation work and installation of rig supporting facilities. This type of drilling ship is a concentrated expression of Shell's vision of a lighter and more efficient development in drilling operations.
Efficiency and cost have always been the factors that drilling technology researchers are trying to control. Halliburton's multi-lateral well technology is suitable for mining various projects with different operating conditions such as light crude oil underwater installations, low-profit heavy oil exploitation, corrosive high temperature or overpressure reservoirs, and has low risk and Save on operating costs. The casing drilling, defined by Weatherford as “advanced technology for the futureâ€, uses a drillable drill bit to drill through the casing as a drill string, leaving the drill bit in the well after reaching the target depth. In the eye, the cementing operation can be performed by omitting the drilling process. The cost of expensive drilling rigs is saved, the cost of building wells is reduced, and the time for stopping drilling is greatly reduced. Weatherford also explores the flexibility of drilling operations. The company combines harsh environment orientation equipment with a compact logging system to adapt the system to different temperatures, different operating environments, different track surfaces and different The drilling conditions under pressure conditions further improve the logging quality and constitute a flexible transmission mode process. Major companies are advancing technological innovations in different ways, making rig operations increasingly lighter and more efficient.
Automated drilling rigs promote intelligent production
With the widespread use of computer, communication and network technologies, automation of drilling operations is becoming possible and sustainable. The higher level of intelligence of the automated drilling rig can reduce manual work, improve the accuracy of drilling production, ensure the safety factor of production, provide a mature integrated drilling and completion solution, and make drilling technology more valuable. .
Automation is the core direction of Shell's drilling development, while real-time operations centers are the integration of Shell's intelligent development. Shell's drilling automation intelligent system diagram clearly shows how Shell combines advanced technology with remote monitoring to automate and intelligentize the drilling process.
Shell has widely promoted the concept of controlled pressure drilling and mechanical specific energy optimization in its global drilling business. Among them, the specific energy optimization technology can calculate the energy consumption of rock breaking during drilling, and optimize the measures to minimize the energy consumption of rock breaking and achieve the maximum drilling efficiency. This technology can reduce the impact of human preferences, so as to choose the optimal drilling plan, so that the drilling process can minimize the human interference, and the time can be maximized.
Baker Hughes also extensively implements casing drilling and reaming technology to simplify the reaming of tool components and reduce vibration during drilling, thereby improving the reliability of the drilling system. The active surge compensation winch and active surge compensation crane included in the latest marine drilling heave compensation technology developed by NOV of Norway also greatly improved the efficiency of the drilling process, reduced the time required for drilling, and proposed in the ocean. A reasonable solution to many difficulties in drilling.
Weatherford has developed in-depth control of pressure drilling technology and promoted special precision control drilling. Compared with standard precision controlled pressure drilling, special precision controlled pressure drilling can better control the equivalent cyclic density in the wellbore, so that it is still less than the fracture pressure gradient under more severe conditions, so that the mud specific gravity is lower than the pore pressure gradient. The pressure in the wellbore is controlled to be in the pore pressure of the formation, thereby eliminating the influence of the excessive gravity of the mud on the accuracy of the drilling. At the same time, Weatherford also uses a complete set of control pressure drilling equipment to maximize the automation level of drilling, automatic detection and control by wellbore, accurate determination of formation pore pressure, accurate determination of formation fracture pressure gradient, and difficulty in drilling process And the ability to solve is further improved, reducing the loss of energy and equipment caused by the error.
The intelligent production mode promoted by automated production is an inevitable development trend of drilling construction and a higher level requirement for the development of oil and gas industry. Control of workflow and resulting error rates can make drilling production more controllable, and productivity and HSE levels are significantly enhanced.
Humanization promotes HSE level improvement
The proportion of manual work and high-difficult and high-risk work content is an important criterion for measuring the safety level of modern oil and gas industry. The humanization of drilling operations is the inevitable result of the development of automation and intelligent level of drilling production. The level of automation technology can reduce the amount of manual work and minimize the personal injury to construction workers that may be caused by high-risk operations.
Shell's current integrated drilling optimization program is one of the typical examples of humanization of the overall drilling process through automation. The introduction of drilling automation technology and the improvement of its own operation capability are the technical support for the integration optimization direction, and the extensive and high-quality operators are the basis for promoting drilling integration. Strengthen personnel quality training, improve staff capacity, accelerate the optimization of drilling efficiency and automation of equipment, and provide complete training materials and redefinition of roles and responsibilities of employees, as well as improve work tools and medical equipment, etc. The development of automation provides support, and also promotes the overall improvement of HSE, which makes the health and safety conditions of the working environment more perfect, and realizes the integration of humanization-automatic intelligentization-efficiency and stimulating integration. The goal of handing over the technology and giving the intellectual life to the employees is realized.
Shell's real-time operations center enables the replacement of people and technology in the drilling process. The real-time operation center makes full use of automation technology and utilizes the power of artificial intelligence to construct the front line. It also enables human decision-making and control capabilities to be fully utilized in the rear. It also improves the construction safety factor and realizes man-made with remote control. The interaction of equipment enables people to play a higher leading role in drilling construction and achieve integrated and harmonious operation with technology.
Other international oil companies have also carried out beneficial and groundbreaking explorations in the implementation of humanized drilling production methods. Baker Hughes developed a real-time data-while-drilling measurement and processing system to conduct a comprehensive survey of the downhole drilling environment prior to drilling. In addition to improving drilling efficiency and reducing unnecessary drill wear, the pre-work is also fully done, reducing potential safety. Accidents and keep workers as far away as possible from dangerous locations.
Take efficiency as the root and humanity as the foundation. With the further complication of the oil and gas exploration environment, the upgrading of drilling equipment and technology will continue to accelerate, and the division of drilling tools will be further refined in the direction of lighter simplification and automation. The highly automated drilling rig can minimize the workload and work risk of manual work, thus realizing the development concept of automation and efficiency, and efficiency and humanization.