Management measures for the harvesting of apples

The management of apples before harvest to the second year of spring germination has a major impact on improving fruit quality and tree growth, flowering and fruiting, and yield increase in the coming year. The management technology is now introduced as follows:

 

First, pest control

 

　　 1. Prevention and control of pests. After the apples are harvested, the leaf miner, the big green leafhopper, the scorpion, the leaf roller moth, etc. begin to overwinter in the branches and rough skin cracks with mites, eggs or larvae. Therefore, after the fruit is harvested, the pests and branches should be cut off, the trunks should be scraped off, and the grasses should be bundled to trap the wintering pests, which should be collected and burned to reduce the number of pests in the coming year. After the autumn, apples, nectars, and chafers will sneak into the soil around the roots for wintering. Combine with autumn fertilization, deep turn the tree trays, and turn the diseased leaves, fruits, weeds and the wintering pests into the ground. Deep in the soil, it will not be able to unearth the next year, and the wintering pests in the soil will be frozen off the ground. After the apple is harvested, the whole plant can also be sprayed once with a 1500 times solution or a 1000 times solution. Putting agricultural tools or abandoned houses in or near the orchard is an ideal wintering place for pests such as tea-winged crickets. In winter or early spring, spraying or sealing the house after fumigation, the control effect is very obvious.

 

　　 2. Prevention and treatment of branch diseases. Apple branch diseases mainly include ring rot, rot disease, dry rot, etc., which are important diseases that affect the growth of fruit trees and improve the quality of fruit. They mainly occur in adult fruit trees, and young fruit trees with poor management measures also occur. Occurrence of the disease from the point of view, the best treatment time is 11 months late, spring bud before treatment ineffective. In combination with scraping the bark, the lesion or the tumor is scraped off and applied.

 

Second, orchard soil fertility water management

 

　　 1. Apply base fertilizer. After apple picking, it should be sooner rather than later, and the earlier the fertilization, the better. Autumn Shi base fertilizer can supplement the tree nutrient loss after apple picking, especially the trees with many fruits and weak trees, and the early application of base fertilizer is more important. It is generally carried out before the end of August to the leaves. The fertilizer is mainly composed of decomposed organic fertilizer, which combines soil improvement with feeding, and combines slow effect with quick effect. In the fertilization, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be combined, and the orchard lacking trace elements should be applied in a targeted manner. The amount of fertilizer applied should be determined according to the yield per plant of fruit trees. For every 100 kilograms of fruit, 100 to 150 kilograms of organic fertilizer , 200 grams of urea , 1 to 2 kilograms of superphosphate , and 300 grams of potassium sulfate should be applied. In the orchard lacking zinc and boron, 100 g of high-purity zinc and high-purity boron are applied to each plant . A two- year deep application method is applied for 2 years. When deep application, dig an annular groove or a radial groove. The width of the groove is 25 to 30 cm and the depth is 50 to 60 cm. The position of the trenching in the next year should be staggered, and the soil should be covered with water after fertilization.

 

　　 2. Foliar topdressing. Practice has proved that spraying 15 % to 1.5% of urea solution on the 15th day before defoliation can prolong leaf life, enhance leaf function, increase photosynthetic intensity, and promote the return of nutrients in the leaves to roots and roots, thereby improving the organic nutrient content in the tree. .

 

　　 3. The orchard is deep. It is usually carried out in early November after harvesting . The deep turning of the orchard can increase the thickness of the soil layer, improve the ventilation conditions, and increase the activity of microorganisms in the soil. Moreover, by deep-turning, a large number of new roots can be promoted, and the root activity can be improved, which is beneficial to nutrient and moisture absorption. Plowing depth gradually deepened from the trunk to the peripheral crown at the lower canopy to about 20 cm is appropriate, it should be deepened to a peripheral crown 30 to 50 cm. When the deep turn encounters the main root and the thick lateral roots, the roots can be cut off at the periphery of the canopy to promote a large number of new roots, while deep turning can kill a large number of pests that overwinter in the soil.

 

　　 4. Pour frozen water. Watering before winter can improve the ability of fruit trees to withstand the cold and meet the water demand for the growth and development of fruit trees in the spring of next year. The specific heat of water can keep the soil at a relatively stable temperature and prevent freezing damage. The time should be in mid- November and the temperature is between -3 °C and 10 °C.

 

Third, pruning

 

After harvesting the fruit, all the non-stop growing new shoots and the late long branches can be topped, which can promote the leaf hypertrophy, enhance the photosynthetic efficiency, improve the maturity of the branches, and the buds are full and full. Cut off or short-cut the diseased branches, dense branches, cross branches and unusable long branches on the tree to keep the tree growing evenly. The fruit trees that need to be pulled should also be carried out in the autumn. At this time, the pull branches have the characteristics of easy pulling, fast setting, good slowing effect and high flowering rate. Pulling branches should be based on non-backbone branches, and the opening angle is around 80 degrees, which can effectively alleviate the tree potential and achieve early results.

 

Fourth, Qingyuan

 

In the dormant period of the fruit tree, the orchard should be thoroughly cleaned, the trunk should be scraped and the skin should be scraped, and the overwintering insect source should be eliminated. At the same time, the diseased fruit, pests and branches and leaves in the garden are cleaned and burned or buried deeply. After cleaning the orchard until a few ninth, the entire park sprayed a sexually eradicating agent to eliminate residual pests on the branches.

 

Five, the trunk is painted white

 

Before the leaves of the fruit trees are frozen to the soil, the whitening agent is used to paint the trunk and the main branches, which can reduce or avoid the daily burning and freezing damage of the fruit trees, eliminate the wintering pests in the cracks of the trunk, and have the functions of preventing cold. The preparation ratio of the whitening agent is: 5 to 6 kg of quicklime , 1 kg of salt , 12.5 kg of water , and 0.5 kg of stone sulfur mixture . The concentration of the whitening agent is preferably applied to the trunk without flowing down, not crusting, and being thin and thin.

 

Source: China Agricultural Promotion Network