Occurrence characteristics and control of main diseases and insect pests of wheat
Wheat belongs to China's second largest food crop. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2016, China had 24186.5 thousand hectares of wheat planted area, with a total harvest of 128.85 million tons of wheat. However, there are many types of pests and diseases in China's wheat, which have seriously affected wheat production. This paper analyzes the occurrence and reasonable prevention of major wheat pests and diseases. 1 wheat rust 1.1 occurrence characteristics Wheat rust is also known as "Mc" and "Astragalus". Wheat rust can be divided into three major categories, namely, stem rust, leaf rust and stripe rust. It is the most dangerous and the most extensive in the process of wheat planting in China. A type of disease. 1.2 Prevention and control measures “Deferring the rust epidemic period and eradicating the early bacterial source†is the main control measure for wheat rust. Once the signs of wheat rust are found, the application of pesticide control should be carried out as soon as possible, and the spread of wheat rust should be effectively controlled. The timing of the whole field of Puzhi was chosen when the disease rate in Daejeon reached 0.5% to 1.0%. 1.2.1 Agricultural control First, rational close planting, timely sowing; second, timely watering; third, increase nitrogen, phosphate, organic fertilizer. 1.2.2 Chemical control First, the pesticide is seeded. Evenly add the drugs such as Likexiu, Rustin, and Hugoli in the wheat seeds, and mix the seeds in time. It is necessary to plant them at the time. The wheat seeds that have been mixed are broadcasted on the same day, remember to have reasonable control over the dosage; the second is Daejeon spraying. The sprayed agent can be either diniconazole + triadimefon, or rusting emulsifiable concentrate + propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate + viscous WP. Through a large number of production practices, the control effect can be as high as 95%. 2 wheat sheath blight 2.1 occurrence characteristics Wheat sheath blight is a common disease in wheat planting in China, especially in recent years. Wheat sheath blight mainly occurs in the stems and sheaths of wheat. In the early stage of wheat sheath blight, there will be a large number of diamond-shaped lesions (gray white, central light brown, brown, etc.), which first appeared in the sheath and then developed into the stem. If not treated in time, it is easy to cause late wheat. The situation of lodging. 2.2 Prevention and treatment measures The rate of diseased plants from the green to the jointing stage is 15%, which is the key prevention and control period for wheat sheath blight. It is necessary to pay attention to prevention and control before the end of March. 2.2.1 Agricultural Control In order to improve the disease resistance of plants and promote the healthy growth of wheat seedlings, it is necessary to timely cultivate in the early spring. 2.2.2 Chemical control First, the pesticide is seeded, and the agent such as M. sinensis and Lixiu is evenly added in the wheat seed to prevent the germination of the seed; the second is the spraying of the field. The sprayed agent can be either carbendazim suspension + Jinggangmycin wettable powder or Hegoli wettable powder, and the spraying time is selected at the end of wheat tillering. It is worth noting that it is necessary to apply enough water to allow the middle and lower parts of the plant to be fully dosed. 3 wheat smut and wheat smut 3.1 occurrence characteristics Wheat smut will not affect the growth and development of other parts of the wheat plant, and will only cause damage to the normal development of the ear. Compared with healthy plants, wheat smut strains have more tillers and shorter heads. Wheat black stalks are inoculated once a year, mainly in the seedling stage, and belong to a typical systemic infection. The main identification marks of wheat smut and wheat smut are: wheat smut has astringent taste, but no black powder appears; wheat smut has no astringency, but emits black powder. 3.2 Prevention and control measures The first is to strengthen the quarantine of wheat plants; the second is to plant disease-resistant varieties; the third is to do soil treatment and seed treatment. 4 wheat leaf blight 4.1 occurrence characteristics Wheat leaf blight mostly occurs in the leaf sheath and leaf position of wheat plants. When wheat leaf blight has just appeared, there will be a rhomboid-shaped pale green lesion or an oval light green lesion appearing at the leaf position, and then gradually forming a pale brown plaque (regular shape), which will be gradually dried. It is grayish yellow. The peak incidence of wheat leaf blight is often caused by changing climatic conditions and rainy and humid weather. 4.2 Prevention and control measures The first is to increase the intensity of field application; the second is to select wheat varieties with better disease resistance; the third is to mix seeds with chemicals, and evenly add the drugs such as Likexiu, Rustin, Hegoli, etc. in the wheat seeds, and timely seed dressing, be sure to At the time of planting, the wheat seeds that had been mixed were broadcast on the same day. It is worth noting that it is necessary to have reasonable control over the amount of medication; the fourth is to increase the intensity of cultivation management. Regardless of the type of agent chosen, it is advisable to spray the foliage evenly at the onset of the disease. 5 麦蚜 5.1 occurrence characteristics Wheat stalks are also known as "grass worms", which often have different characteristics and different traits in different growth stages of wheat. In the seedling stage, the wheat mites are mostly harmful to the heart leaves, leaf sheaths, and the back of the wheat leaves; after the jointing and heading, the wheat mites are mostly harmful to the ear, stems and leaves. No matter where it is harmed, the affected parts of the plant will have obvious spots (light yellow), and even may die, and the honeydew that is discharged will have a serious impact on the respiration and photosynthesis of wheat. 5.2 Prevention and control measures Daejeon spray. Using phoxim emulsifiable concentrate (2000 times solution, concentration 50%), anti-converse WP (4000 times solution, concentration 50%), imidacloprid (1000 times solution, concentration 10%), pyrethroid pesticides spray. At the earing stage, it can be mixed with “killing urea + anti-èšœå¨+粉锈â€, and at the same time, it can treat mucoid, powdery mildew and wheat rust, and the control effect can reach 85%～90%. More pesticide knowledge , please pay attention to China Pesticide Network
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