With the completion of fruit picking, storage, transportation and sales, and the gradual decline of temperature, the growth of fruit trees gradually entered the dormant period from the active period. The management focus during the fall and winter period should include the following:

1. The Qingyuan destroys pests and diseases. After the leaves are fallen, the dead leaves and waste fruit bags in the garden should be removed in time, the dead fruits should be removed, the weeds in the garden should be removed and burned or buried deeply. For harvesting utensils such as fruit baskets and fruit boxes, sterilization must be carried out.

2. The trunk is painted with white, cold and anti-freeze control pests. In order to improve the cold and frost resistance of the trunk and reduce the pests and diseases, the main part of the fruit tree should be painted white from November to December. The preparation method of the whitening agent is prepared by uniformly mixing 6-6.5 kg of quicklime, 1 gram of raw material or residual liquid of stone sulphur (20 degrees of magnesium), 1 kg of salt, and 15 kg of clear water.

3. Scrape bark to kill pests. As the saying goes, "To eat fruit, scrape bark", in the deep winter season, the old skin, the skin, the cracked skin on the trunk of the perennial fruit tree should be scraped off in time to reduce the wintering place of pests and diseases, so as to alleviate the pests and diseases of the second year. .

4. Winter trimming. The theoretical pruning period is that after the fruit trees are completely defoliated and before the germination of the new shoots in the second year, normal pruning can be carried out during this time, but the northern areas are generally used to start from the beginning of January, before and after the Spring Festival, and the orchard area is large. The pruning process may be extended to before germination. In the northeastern region, due to the low temperature in winter, the branches after winter shearing are prone to stripping, and the pruning should be arranged after the spring temperature rises.

Five basic principles of fruit tree winter shears

Fruit tree winter pruning is a technical means of artificially controlling and regulating the growth of various parts of the canopy, and it is the highest technical work in winter orchard management. The quality of pruning is directly related to the production in the second year or even later. Reasonable pruning can have a multiplier effect.

Regardless of how the cultivation technology is updated, the basic elements of winter shear must master the following points: First, the choice of tree shape should conform to the characteristics of fruit variety growth results; second, the tree shape should be beneficial to the ventilation and light transmission of the canopy; Control the height of the tree and the crown of the tree. The range should be comprehensively considered according to different geographical environments. Generally, the height of the tree should be controlled below 3 meters, and the diameter of the canopy should be controlled at about 3 meters. The fourth is to facilitate the light cultivation and fine management of the growing season. The planting capacity of 45 plants per plant is controlled by 1-4 in the big branches, 6-12 in the middle branches, and 80-150 in different types of branches. The fifth is the replacement and retraction of different types of branches. On the basis of stable and high yield, the multi-update (the cultivation of the twig group is the key), the principle of less retraction and stripping of the branches, to prevent the aging of the branch group from causing problems such as baldness, reduced yield or decreased fruit quality.

Apple tree

The most important aspect of apple tree pruning is the adjustment of the angle, including the adjustment of the main branches, side branches and resulting branches of the backbone branches. Generally speaking, a small angle is conducive to growth, and a large angle is beneficial to the result and enlarge the canopy and alleviate the tree potential. Our common misunderstanding is: only pay attention to the adjustment of the main branch angle, and ignore the adjustment of the angle of the result branch group and twig. Although the main branch opens the angle, it can improve the inner sacral illumination, but the back has many branches, which will also affect the guilty light.

Therefore, the adjustment angle must be moderate and reasonable. When the angle is too large and the branches are weak, the upper shoots can be used to raise the angle; when the angle is too small, the inner buds can be used, and the back branches can be changed to open the angle.

The main branch often uses the back branch to change the head, so that the main branch angle is concave and open. The main branch is changed, and the main branch is easily broken, so the result is a long time to take the wind and the wind. The horizontal and oblique branches have large angles and are easy to open. On the main branch, the branches are used as extension branches, and the upper branches can be used to extend the branches horizontally or slightly under the branches, and the angle is stable and the growth is moderate. It is more difficult to open the angle above the second floor and requires artificial control, so the concave opening angle method is adopted.

In order to cultivate the firm skeleton with both early results, the saplings generally adopt a convex opening type. This angle opening method has a light trimming amount, and the result is early and the load is large. Above the second layer, a concave opening angle can be used to facilitate interlayer light. The saplings are opened at an angle, with open angles, the amount of trimming is lighter, the effect is good, and the result is early.

In the opening angle, the young tree should pay special attention to the opening of the base angle; the 3-4 year old tree pays attention to the opening of the waist angle; the adult tree pays attention to the opening of the tip angle. The auxiliary branches and the branches of the results pay attention to the opening of the base angle, so that the branches are horizontal and lateral.

Apple tree branches should pay attention to four major problems

Timely "pull" is an effective measure to solve the stratification and angle of apple trees. Because apple trees are often branched at various levels, often because the angle is not open or the opening angle is not in place, the tree potential and the branch are not balanced, resulting in a non-standard tree shape. Pay attention to the following four aspects in pulling branches:

1. Pulling branches should be based on the location and growth of the branches. Generally, it is only applied to the branches or crowns that are born in the lower layer of the canopy, and the branches that have a small opening angle and strong growth in the upper layer are pulled.

2. For thicker branches with a thickness of more than 1.5-2.0 cm, when pulling the branches, first use both hands to hold the base and gently move to soften the branches, then slowly flatten the branches, and the backbone branches that are not easy to pull and Auxiliary branches can be opened by pressing down to weaken the growth and increase the formation of flower buds.

3. When pulling the branch, avoid using the rope to hold the tip of the branch to pull down, so as not to cause the whole branch to show a large bow shape, resulting in a large number of long branches on the back of the bow. The force should be concentrated in the middle and lower parts of the branches, so that the branches are basically horizontal.

4. When pulling the branches, care should be taken not to squeeze and cover the branches, so as not to affect the ventilation and light transmission of the lower branches. The pulled branches can be moved to the left and right, and pulled to places with less branches and larger spaces, so that the limited space can be fully utilized.