Technology and application prospects of fertilization

"Pulverized fertilization" is also called water-flooding, which is a way of topdressing. It is widely used in the implementation of horticulture. The method of operation is to dissolve the solid quick-acting fertilizer in water and fertilize it with water. Fluctuating fertilization usually uses water-soluble fertilizers, mainly nitrogen fertilizers and potassium fertilizers. The water solubility of the two is strong, and the soluble nitrogen and potassium nutrients are infiltrated into the soil through the combination of fertilizer and water, and then absorbed by the crop roots. The fertilization is the fertilization, and the irrigation method can be divided into well irrigation and irrigation, including drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation. However, some places manage to use extensive flooding to flush fertilizer. This method of fertilization with large water flooding highlights a word of “rushing”, which easily causes a large loss of nitrogen and also causes a problem of low water utilization.

At present, fertilization is widely used in greenhouse cultivation and open vegetables. Because of the rapid effect of fertilizer application, it is in line with the psychology of some eager growers. Therefore, the application of fertilizer has developed rapidly in recent years, in addition to vegetables and other cash crops. This has also stimulated a large number of small packages of "ammonium nitrate", "potassium nitrate" and other water-soluble fertilizers have been listed. These small packaged fertilizers are more expensive.

In evaluating the application prospects of fertilization, it is first necessary to understand the purpose of fertilization in modern agriculture, not only for the high yield of crops, but also from the comprehensive benefits of economic benefits and environmental ecology, the appropriate application of flushing fertilizer. To grasp the technical essentials of "flushing and fertilizing", we should pay attention to the following points:

First, choose the type of fertilizer that is fertilized. Only water soluble fertilizers can be applied with water. Urea, ammonia, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate are commonly used in nitrogen fertilizer; potassium chloride and potassium sulfate are used in potassium fertilizer, and potassium nitrate is also used. In the phosphate fertilizer, even the water-soluble phosphorus monoammonium and phosphodiammonium should not be applied. The reason is that the phosphate fertilizer has poor mobility after being dissolved, and is easily fixed, and cannot penetrate into the root layer with water. For this reason, the best application method of phosphate fertilizer is to layer it into the soil to improve its utilization.

The nutrient content of a single application of rushing fertilizer must be standardized. In the high-yield vegetable planting, the amount of pure nitrogen should be controlled at 2~4 kg/mu, especially the nitrate nitrogen should be controlled below 2~3 kg/mu. The limited amount of potassium fertilizer (potassium oxide) is generally 2 ~4 kg / mu; otherwise, the waste and loss of nutrients are large, which not only reduces the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, but also may cause pollution to water quality. The fertilization of the whole growth period is generally 2 times.

The period during which crops are fertilized is in the large growing season of crops. For example, fruit and vegetables are applied in the fruit-harvesting period, after picking melons and fruits; and in the coniferous period of Chinese cabbage, in the cultivation of autumn vegetables, the temperature is selected to fall, the mineralization of soil is reduced, and the vegetable crop is suitable for a large number of growing seasons.

Control of irrigation volume. Under the irrigation mode, the flooding of large water is prevented. When the canal is filled, the depth of the ditch is appropriate with the amount of water to prevent the fertilizer nutrients dissolved in the water from being lost with water.

Although the effect of fertilizer application is fast, if you want to use the apparent effect, regardless of the cost, using a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer on one side, and abusing fertilization, it will lead to long vegetables, degraded quality, reduced fertilizer utilization, large nitrogen loss, and increased soil traits. Salinization. It is not appropriate for some people to apply unfertilized insoluble solid organic fertilizers or microbial preparations.

In short, the method of fertilization should be used in a timely and appropriate amount, mainly for top dressing in intensive vegetable cultivation, and topdressing with nitrogen and potassium. There are several kinds of fertilizers that should not be applied, one does not apply phosphorus, two does not apply granular compound fertilizer, three does not flush solid organic fertilizer, and four do not flush microbial preparations.