The most difficult to control root disease summary

In the daily production, there are many kinds of diseases that cause the roots of melons and fruits. Because the root diseases are infested in the ground, they are not easy to be detected. However, when the crops have been wilted, they may have become ill, so farmers have a headache.

Although there are so many diseases leading to rotten roots, it is found through analysis that each crop has one or several common and main diseases. Here, summed up, after the farmers know, they can learn from the future prevention and treatment.

First, spicy (sweet) Phytophthora root rot

1. Main symptoms: mainly sweet, pepper base and vascular bundle, some branches and leaves of the diseased plants turn yellow, the vascular bundles in the stems brown, the humidity is high or the stem base or roots are rotted in the late growth stage, and the pepper begins to expand. The stems and leaves of the plants appear wilting, and the whole plant is wilting in the later stage. The disease originates from the epidermis at the base of the stem. The vegetable farmer is commonly called “black stalk”, and the pathogen spreads inward and downward, eventually leading to a spicy (sweet) pepper. Longitudinal section of stem or root, xylem is water-stained dark brown, and finally the roots rot. Under high-humidity conditions, the diseased part produces white cotton-like fungus. This is an important feature that distinguishes it from sclerotinia.

2, the disease period: vegetable farmers generally reflect that before and after the spicy (sweet) pepper planting, the soil moisture is too large, and the disease is serious for a long time; or the low temperature and high humidity in the cloudy shed, especially after flooding The occurrence and popularity.

3, prevention measures: Many vegetable farmers use the "three bacteria one medicine" method to prevent Phytophthora root rot effect is very good. That is, from the pepper seedlings to the flowering results, the Jiamei dividends were applied three times, and the roots were irrigated with a single drug about half a month after planting. The first application of the Jiamei dividend is to use the roots of the peppers when they are seeded. Use a bag of Jiamei dividends to water 500 kg and 95% carbendazim 2000 times, fine soil, a little water and mix and stir into a paste, used to remove the roots and then move the seedlings. For the second time, the Jiamei dividend was applied before the colonization. Use the redness to evenly mix the fine soil and pour it into the hole. The dosage is a bag of 10 pounds of fine soil and 300 holes. It can also be applied on the ridge along the planting row, and the effect is also good. The third time was to use Jiamei Bonus to water 600 kg of roots during the flowering period. One medicine refers to the mixing of Jinmei 1000 times (the compounding agent of metalaxyl and mancozeb) into 600 times of thiram and 3000 times of agricultural streptomycin at the initial stage of flowering (about 17 days after planting).

4, expert advice: If the Phytophthora root rot in the shed occurs seriously, you can use 72.2% Plex 600 times liquid (20 grams a bucket of water) mixed Golden Thunder 800 times liquid (35 grams a bucket of water) mixed DuPont Fuxing 3000 times liquid (5ml / bag to a bucket of water) to prevent and control.

2. Cucumber prickly root rot

1. Main symptoms: Grafted cucumbers generally grow normally after colonization, and the results begin to appear successively, and the incidence of the melons is heavier. The disease development of the plant is slow, and the leaves are wilting at noon on the early sunny day. It can be restored in the morning and evening or on cloudy days. After 5-7 days, the leaves of the plants are all wilted from bottom to top, and the stalks are dead. The roots of the pumpkins are used as rootstocks under the grafting site. It is brownish and watery, shrinking and softening. The main root and lateral roots of the roots of the rootstock are light brown to brown. When severe, the roots are all brown or dark brown. The roots are rotten and the base is longitudinally split. The black hole is inside the crack. The hyphae are dense, and the epidermis is dense with small black spots.

2. Incidence period: the diseased part is the rhizome. Grafting cucumber seedlings and early stages of cassava are susceptible.

3. Differences: First, the grafted seedlings belong to the black-squash squash. The stem base near the ground appears to be brown-stained and corrupted, causing the whole plant to die. Second, there is no water immersion and spoilage at the base of the stem. The vascular bundles of pumpkin and cucumber are also not brown. The roots of the roots are brown and rot, and the roots and roots are also light brown to brown. All turned dark brown, and all the bases of the fine roots were longitudinally split.

4. Prevention and control measures: To prevent the root rot of Pseudosporium, it is necessary to take comprehensive measures. To sum up the successful experience of the vegetable grower, measures to replace the rootstock combined with the hole Jiajiamei dividend or medicine can be taken.

Replace the black seed pumpkin with white seed pumpkin, strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, increase the application of Jiamei Hailibao, and profit to improve the disease resistance of the plant itself. Acupoints Shijiamei dividend or pharmacy (double, seedlings, etc.), focus on protecting the root system and reducing the chance of infection. The roots of the difenoconazole (Shigao) 1000 times solution can be mixed with 1500 times solution of flavonoid nitrile (Shilo). Under the premise of this prevention, if the diseased plant is found, it can be treated with 1000 times of chlorobromoisohydrouric acid, 600 times of carbendazim and nail cream, and Jiameihongli.

Third, tomato stem rot

1. The main symptoms: the seedlings are planted too deep or the water at the base of the stem is too high, and the soil is too high. This disease is mainly caused by the stem base or the underground main root of the tomato after planting or planting. The lesion is dark brown, around the stem base or The rhizome spreads, causing the cortex to rot, and the upper part of the leaves turns yellow. After the fruit is swollen, the nutrient supply is blocked and gradually wilted. In the late stage, the surface of the diseased part often forms sclerotia with different sizes of dark brown. Mainly damage the base of the stem of the seedling or the main lateral root of the ground. The diseased part begins to dark brown, and the base of the stem expands along the base or root of the stem, causing the cortical decay plant to die due to lack of water.

2. Incidence period: The suitable temperature for stem rot disease is 24 °C, so the incidence is most concentrated when the temperature in the shed is high in July-October. From December to February of the next year, due to the lower temperature in the shed, the incidence is lighter.

3. Control measures: Before the seedlings are planted, 2kg of Fumei double wettable powder can be used per acre, and fine soil is evenly spread on the ground to disinfect the soil. When planting, use 95% carbendazim 5000 times solution to prevent rooting. After the onset, 20% methyl chlorpyrifos or 30% phenyl thiocyanate 1200 times solution can be used for spray control. For severely ill plants, vegetable farmers can also use 78% Cobo WP 200 times to smear the disease department for key prevention and treatment. .

When infected with stem-based rot, the root system will be seriously damaged. Because the stems of tomatoes also have strong rooting ability, the vegetable farmers can remove 1-2 leaves from the lower part of the tomato plants, and put the stems 5-8 cm into the soil. To promote adventitious roots and promote plant growth.

Fourth, eggplant dry (yellow) wilt

1. Main symptoms: The seedling stage of eggplant verticillium wilt is less, and the adult plants begin to develop symptoms after sitting fruit, and the initial incidence is the highest. Most of the symptoms begin to appear in the lower and middle parts of the plant, and then develop upwards or from one side to the whole plant. The leaves begin to turn yellow and green between the leaf margin and the veins, and then develop to the half of the leaves or the whole leaves turn yellow. The early diseased leaves are wilting at high temperature on sunny days, and can be restored in the morning and evening. The later leaves turn yellow from yellow and finally dry. Fall off. When the roots, stems, branches and petioles are opened, the vascular bundle becomes dark brown.

Eggplant wilt disease occurs mostly in the adult stage. When the temperature is 25-28 °C, the soil is very favorable for the disease. The leaves of the diseased plants gradually turn yellow and withered from the bottom to the top. The symptoms are mostly on the first and second layers, sometimes the same. The leaves only turn yellow on one side and the other half are as normal. When the condition is serious, the whole plant leaves are yellow, and the vascular bundles of the diseased stem and the diseased part are dark brown.

The symptoms of the two diseases are similar and difficult to distinguish. Both are severe in the outcome. Xiao Bian summed up the differences between the two by observing and consulting relevant materials in the shed. Eggplant wilt disease manifests on one or two layers of branches, and is generally hemiplegia (ie, half of the whole eggplant is ill, while the other half grows normally); and Verticillium wilt is a full-plant disease.

2, prevention measures: The most direct and effective way to prevent disease in these two diseases is grafting. Fusarium wilt is generally on the surface of the soil. It is recommended to carry out high temperature suffocation in the summer, kill the flora on the surface of the soil, and then combine the soil to turn over. Apply carbendazim and thiram to each acre (about 4 kg per mu) Soil disinfection is carried out with good control effect. The pathogen of Verticillium wilt is generally deep in the soil. It is recommended that the vegetables be planted in a timely manner, and the roots should be filled with carbendazim and thiram in a timely manner.

5. Cowpea anthracnose

Red root is the general term for the root disease of cowpea, and anthracnose is the most common cause of cowpea red root.

1, the main symptoms: cowpea anthracnose, seedlings onset, reddish brown near-round lesions on the cotyledons, depression into ulcers. Small spots on the young stems are rusted, and then expanded into short strips of rust, often causing the seedlings to collapse and die. In the onset of adult plants, the lesions on the leaves occur along the veins, forming small spots of dark brown polygons. After expanding to the whole leaves, the leaves are wilting. The lesions on the stem are reddish-brown, slightly concave, round or oval, with black rings on the outer edge and cracks. A light red sticky color is formed on the lesion when wet. The fruit pod is infected with a small brown spot, which can be enlarged to a large circular lesion with a diameter of 1 cm. The center is dark brown, the edge is light brown to pink, slightly concave and perishable. The root epidermis has rust-like erythema, and the epidermis is rough, chapped, and even dried and rotted. There are few or no new roots in the capillary roots, the plant grows slowly, and the leaves turn yellow from the bottom to the top.

2. Incidence period: Cowpea anthracnose is more serious in the old shed. In the case of improper fertilization, flooding, and planting of dense plots, the disease is also very serious. This is related to the formation of wounds in the roots of cowpeas caused by hypertrophic roots and water roots, and the resistance to disease is reduced by the infection of anthrax pathogens.

3, prevention measures: acupoints of dividends or chemicals to prevent disease. At the time of planting, Shijiameihongli + dysentery will prevent anthrax. Can also use 50% carbendazim WP powder plus 50% Fumei double, 1000 strains of medicine 1 kg, add 20 kg of fine soil and mix well, sprinkle in the hole to prevent disease.

4, root irrigation control: after the occurrence of the disease, it is recommended to use methyl thiophanate or carbendazim or ethyl phosphine aluminum manganese zinc or chlorobromoisocyanuric acid and other agents, add a strong strong root agent, for root irrigation, The seedlings of the cowpea seedlings are 4 to half a catty, and the adult stage can be increased to 1 kg of water, and even 2-3 times, once every 5 days.

Six, tomato root rot

1. Main symptoms: Tomato root rot mainly harms the roots of tomatoes. At the beginning of the disease, brown spots appear on the main roots and stem bases, and then gradually enlarge and sag. In severe cases, the main roots become brown and rot, leading to the fading of the upper part. Longitudinal section of the base or root of the stem, the vascular bundle becomes dark brown, after which the rhizome rots and does not grow new roots. At the end of the disease, the diseased plants die and die.

2, the cause of the disease: tomato root rot pathogen is a fungus of the fungus, the mycelium and oospores with the diseased body in the soil overwinter. Propagation in the seedbed is mainly soil with bacteria, agricultural tools and watering. The germs invade from the seedling wounds and then spread by rainwater and irrigation water. High temperature and high humidity are suitable for this disease. The plots of the seedbeds, the area of ​​the water, the application of unfertilized fertilizers, the number of underground pests, and the fact that the agricultural activities cause more root wounds are more serious.

3. Prevention measures:

(1) Agricultural measures. Do a good job in soil disinfection of seedbeds and cultivate disease-free seedlings. Level the land, do a good job of irrigation and drainage system, sorghum cultivation. Severely ill and non-japanose and melon vegetables are rotated for more than three years. Strengthen water and fertilizer management, timely and appropriate irrigation, pouring small water, avoid flooding. Drainage in time after rain, ploughing loose soil after watering and after rain. Apply fully decomposed manure, increase the application of organic activated nutrients, phosphorus, potassium, calcium package fertilizer Jiamei dividend, Hailibao, profit, to avoid improper application of fertilizer roots. At first sight, the diseased plants were removed and burned in time.

(2) Chemical control. In the early stage of the disease, timely control of the drug, watering the seedbed with 40% ethyl phosphine aluminum wettable powder 200 times liquid or 72.2% Plex water agent 400-600 times liquid, the amount of liquid per square meter seed bed is 2-3 kg; or moving Before planting, the roots of the seedlings are soaked with 72.2% Plex water agent 400-600 times, or after transplanting, the roots are filled with 72.2% Plex water agent 400-600 times.

Seven, tomato bacterial bacterial wilt

1. Main symptoms: The symptoms of bacterial wilt disease are not obvious in the seedling stage. After the plant is flowering, the diseased plants begin to show harmful symptoms. The color of the leaves is light and wilting. Blade wilting begins with the upper blade, followed by the lower blade, and finally the middle blade. The initial leaves of the disease were wilting at noon, and returned to normal in the evening and morning. Repeatedly, the wilting increased, and finally died, but the plants were still cyan. The middle and lower cortex of the diseased stem are rough, and the adventitious roots and adventitious buds often grow. The stems of the diseased stems become dark brown, but the roots of the diseased plants are normal. After cross-cutting the diseased stem, soak in clear water or squeeze the incision by hand, there is milky white mucus overflow (bacteria pus).

Bacterial wilt is caused by infection by Pseudomonas (bacteria). The pathogens overwinter with the diseased bodies in the soil and are spread by rainwater and irrigation water. The most suitable temperature for the onset is 25-37 ° C, below 10 ° C, above 41 ° C to stop development. When the soil water content is more than 25%, it is conducive to the invasion of the bacteria, and it is serious when the temperature is high and high. In addition, continuous cropping, low-lying land, poor drainage, soil calcium deficiency and phosphorus deficiency are beneficial to the disease.

3. Prevention measures:

(1) Bacteria have the ability to penetrate the epidermal tissue of the plant, invade from the wound of the plant, and then multiply. Therefore, reducing wounds is the main measure to prevent bacterial diseases. First, in the nursery stage, using nutrient block seedlings or nutrient cup seedlings, try to avoid root wounds during colonization. The second is to pay attention to pest control. Tomatoes in greenhouses are early to eliminate Liriomyza sativae, aphids, and whitefly, avoiding wounds on the leaves.

(2) Rooting after planting in time, for the prevention of bacterial diseases, pre-prevention is the most effective method. It can be used after the slow seedlings, using 600 times of lycopene copper mixed with 68% refined nail cream · mancozeb water dispersible 600 times liquid and Jiamei Hongli root irrigation, once every 5-7 days, continuous rooting 2-3 times.

(4) Prompt use of drugs for prevention and treatment. Once a diseased plant with bacterial disease is found in the greenhouse, spraying should be carried out in time. In general, bacterial medullary necrosis can be injected by the site of the disease. After the onset of bacterial ulcer disease, it can be prevented by spraying and injection. The injection can be mixed with 20% ammonia copper 600 times liquid, 68% refined metalaxyl · mancozeb water dispersible granules 500 times liquid, spray can be used 50% succinic acid copper (DT) wettable powder 400-500 Double solution or 14% solution of copper chloride solution 300 times.

Bacterial diseases can be tried with norfloxacin, Bailu stop (which is specially designed to treat swine hepatitis and dysentery), and the control effect is quite good. Norfloxacin is generally diluted by a factor of two hundred and six hundred times. It is usually a liquid agent, and a sprayer can be mixed with 15-20 ml. It is necessary to pay attention to the prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases, because once the bacterial diseases are developed, the interval between the times of spraying is shorter and shorter. Generally, it should be sprayed at intervals of three days. It is necessary to spray the bacteria 2-3 times in a row. Sexual diseases are controlled. In addition, agricultural preparations such as streptomycin and methromycin, various copper preparations such as leaf azole, organic copper and inorganic copper, and strong oxidizing drugs such as trichloroisocyanuric acid and potassium permanganate are mainly preventive effects. Also, the preventive effect is better, the organic copper preparation, and the therapeutic effect may be trichloroisocyanuric acid, mesomycin, and the like.

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