The regional economy will become the driver of China's economic growth in the future
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Editor's Note: Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China's economy has been integrated into the global division of labor system with abundant labor endowments. However, the excessive dependence on foreign trade has caused structural problems in China's economic development. Faced with a sudden financial crisis, some industries that lost competitive advantage in the east have generated pressure and motivation for transfer. Coordinated development of the inter-regional economy has been given a more prominent mission and responsibility of the times, and thus has risen to a new national strategy. Since 2011, China has successively approved the national strategy of the Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone, Zhejiang Marine Economic Development Demonstration Zone, Guangdong Marine Economic Comprehensive Experimental Zone, Zhoushan Archipelago New Area and other marine economics. In addition, Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone and Central Plains Economic Zone Several plans have also been approved. Then, during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, what are the highlights of China's regional economy? What breakthroughs have you made? The rise of the central region's transformation With its abundant natural resources, unique geographical location and sufficient high-quality labor resources, the central region of China has become an important commodity grain base and an industrial center with a sound industrial system, which has made great contributions to the development of the national economy. . In the past 11th Five-Year Plan period, the economy in the central region developed rapidly, and the gap with the developed regions in the east is gradually narrowing, and the economic status in the country is gradually increasing. The central region has already got rid of the passive situation of “central collapseâ€. The "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period is a crucial period for China's economic restructuring and an important period for accelerating the rise of the central region. Although the central region has maintained a good momentum of economic development during the 11th Five-Year Plan period, it must be seen that its economic aggregate is still low in the country, and the urbanization rate is still not high. The per capita GDP is currently far lower than that in the eastern developed regions. Wait. The central region still faces a severe development situation and heavy tasks. The rise of the central region urgently requires state policy support. On September 23, 2009, Premier Wen Jiabao of the State Council presided over the State Council executive meeting to discuss and pass the "Promotion of the Central Region Rise". It is proposed that in 2012, the central region will achieve a significant improvement in its economic development level, further enhancement of its development vitality, a marked improvement in its sustainable development capability, and new progress in building a harmonious society. On January 12, 2010, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the full text of the "Promoting the Rise of the Central Region" and proposed to further improve the policy system to support the rise of Central China, including enriching and improving the "two comparisons" policy, improving fiscal and taxation support policies, and formulating investment promotion policies. The implementation of the land use policy that reflects the characteristics of the central region has clarified the work responsibilities of the relevant departments of the State Council and the six central provinces. In January 2011, the “National Main Functional Area Plan†issued by the State Council, the Central Plains Economic Zone was officially included, indicating that the construction of the Central Plains Economic Zone has risen to the national strategic level. The functional orientation of the region is: the country's important high-tech industries, advanced manufacturing and modern service industry bases, energy and raw material bases, integrated transportation hubs and logistics centers, regional science and technology innovation centers, and population and economically dense areas in the central region. A new economic growth sector with a sound and rapid development of the national economy. The strategy of the "Central Plains Economic Zone" is not only a blueprint for the development of the central region, but also a major move that affects the economic restructuring and industrial transformation and upgrading of the mainland during the post-tsunami period. In the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development" promulgated on March 16, 2011, it is specifically mentioned that in the future, we must vigorously promote the rise of the central region, focus on promoting regional development including the Central Plains economic zone, and accelerate the construction. Along the Bohai Sea, along the Beijing-Guangzhou, along the Beijing-Kowloon and along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, promote the concentration of population and industry, and strengthen the docking and connection with the surrounding urban agglomerations. Focus on the development of Taiyuan City Group, Lancang City Belt, Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone, Central Plains Economic Zone, Wuhan City Circle, and Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan City Cluster. In September 2011, Vice Premier Wang Qishan made a keynote speech at the China Central Investment and Trade Expo Summit. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the central region should accelerate the transformation of economic development mode, adjust the economic structure, and strive to explore new industrialization and towns. Development path. Give play to the advantages of location, resources and talents, orderly undertake industrial transfer, and promote industrial transformation and upgrading. Accelerate the construction of food, energy, raw materials, modern equipment manufacturing, high-tech industrial bases and integrated transportation hubs. Breakthroughs were made in weak links such as “three rural†and small enterprise financial services and rural circulation system construction. After the "Rise of Central China" was put forward, the central provinces began to make plans based on their own characteristics and advantages, and successively formulated specific implementation plans to promote the rise of Central China. Henan Province proposes to upgrade Zhengzhou's national regional city status, comprehensively strengthen cooperation with surrounding areas, and strive to take the lead in breakthroughs in transportation, resource development, market, tourism, ecology, industry, etc., and build a cooperation zone between the Central Plains Economic Zone to form internal integration and linkage. The development trend of surrounding and connecting things; strengthening cooperation with the economic belt of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, forming two major supports for the north and south echoing and promoting the rise of the central region. Hubei Province will vigorously develop the construction of comprehensive transportation hub, and construct 12 railway projects from Jingzhou to Yueyang, Sanmenxia to Yichang, Qijiang-Zhangjiajie-Changde Hubei, accelerate the construction of the third phase of Wuhan Tianhe Airport, and implement the new construction of Shennongjia Airport. Shanxi Province and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology signed the "Agreement on Accelerating the Industrial Transformation and Development of Shanxi Province and Promoting the "Two-in-one" Integration Cooperation Framework" to jointly promote the industrial transformation and development of Shanxi Province, jointly promote the integration of informationization and industrialization in Shanxi Province, and the integration of Shanxi's small and medium-sized enterprises and military-civilian development of. The State Council has clearly defined the Yanjiang City Belt to undertake the industrial transfer demonstration zone in the past two years. Anhui Province has continued to expand the scale of industrial transfer in the Yangtze River Delta region. Since the beginning of this year, the Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces have invested more than 100 million yuan in the first seven months. 3,405, the actual funds in place were 1,887.90 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 71.9%, accounting for 55.6% of the actual funds in place in Anhui more than 100 million yuan. The Minjiang Demonstration Zone has become an important platform for industrial cooperation in the Yangtze River Delta region, and it is also the first choice for the transfer of industries and capital from the Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions to the central and western regions. On October 18th, the “Maternal Economics Three Quarterly Report†was officially released. The central region won the top prizes in terms of the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size and the growth rate of fixed asset investment. According to the data, in the first half of this year, the GDP of Henan, Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Shanxi, and Jiangxi were 1,204.046 billion yuan, 876.266 billion yuan, 857.147 billion yuan, 688.33 billion yuan, and 513.34 billion yuan respectively. Yuan, 493.226 billion yuan. With the increase in investment in infrastructure, such as parks, highways, and railways, which are invested in industrial transfer and the cultivation of various industrial bases, the rapid growth of GDP in the central region will continue. The "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period is a crucial period for China's economic restructuring and an important period for accelerating the rise of the central region. Stimulated by the policy of the rise of Central China, the central region will become the driving force for China's economic growth in the next decade. High growth in the western region can be expected. China has implemented the strategy of developing the western region for the tenth anniversary. In the past ten years, the western region has formed economic zones such as Chengyu, Guanzhong-Tianshui and Guangxi Beibu Gulf. The economic zone has formed a strong radiation and driving effect on the surrounding areas. In the context of regional revitalization, the western region has received a high degree of attention from national funds and policies. The construction of a large number of infrastructure investments has made these regions leap from the “economic rear†to the main force driving China’s economic growth. With the increasing efforts of China's development regional planning, the western region will become a region of high economic growth in China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period. In June 2007, the National Development and Reform Commission issued a notice approving the establishment of a national pilot project for urban and rural comprehensive reforms in Chongqing and Chengdu. In February 2009, the State Council issued the "Several Opinions on Promoting Chongqing's Urban and Rural Reform and Development." The strategic task of promoting Chongqing's urban and rural reform and development is to develop in one circle and two wings, expand inland openness, optimize and upgrade industries, support for science and education, and resource and environmental protection. In June 2009, the State Council Information Office held a press conference to officially release the Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone Development Plan. It is proposed that the Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone will be built into a “strategic highland for the development and opening up of the inland economyâ€. In December 2009, the State Council issued the "Several Opinions on Further Promoting Guangxi's Economic and Social Development", which is conducive to the formation of a new growth pole for China's coastal economic development, and promotes the development of the western region and the interaction between East and West. On May 6, 2010, the General Office of the State Council issued "Several Opinions on Further Supporting Gansu's Economic and Social Development." In June 2010, the State Council issued the "Several Opinions on the In-depth Implementation of the Western Development Strategy", which pointed out the direction for the "New Decade" of the Western Development. At the same time, the Central Economic Work Conference, which closed in December 2010, made it clear that it insisted on putting the strategy of deepening the implementation of the western region into the overall strategic priority of regional development. On June 18, 2010, the “Two Rivers New District†established by the State Council was established. Analysts pointed out that in terms of policy design, Chongqing hopes that the “Two Rivers New District†will receive strong policy support, and enjoy the relevant preferential policies given by the state in Shanghai Pudong New Area and Tianjin Binhai New Area, and in land, finance, finance, taxation, investment, and foreign trade. The fields of industrial development, technological innovation, and management system have given priority to trial and test, allowing and supporting trials of some major and more breakthrough reform measures. In May this year, the State Council officially approved the "Chengdu Economic Zone Regional Plan." According to the plan, by 2015, the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone will build an important economic center in the western region, an important modern industrial base in the country, a pilot zone to deepen inland openness, a demonstration zone to coordinate urban and rural development, and a security zone for ecological security in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River; By 2020, it will become one of the regions with the strongest comprehensive strength in China. Analysts pointed out that this is an important moment in the implementation of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" and the promotion of a new round of development of the western region. It is another major measure to further implement the development of the western region and promote regional coordinated development. Accelerating the development of the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone under the new situation is of great significance for deepening the development of the western region, promoting coordinated regional development across the country, and strengthening the country's comprehensive strength. In July this year, the State Council also approved the “12th Five-Year Plan†to support Tibet’s economic and social development and construction project plan. It is understood that during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, Tibet will continue to increase the formation of three-dimensional transportation networks such as roads, railways and aviation. At the same time, vigorously cultivate special industries such as tourism, Tibetan medicine, national handicraft industry, characteristic agriculture and animal husbandry, green food (drinking) products, and advantageous mineral industry. The plan also clarifies that during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the Tibet region should focus on building an integrated energy system, insisting on the development and utilization of energy resources in the region and high-quality energy outside the input zone, supplemented by hydropower, supplemented by oil and gas and new energy, forming a stable, Clean, safe, economic, and sustainable integrated energy system, and vigorously improve water infrastructure. In addition, the “Golden Triangle†of Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Energy, which is booming, has great development potential. Due to the rapid development of the traditional energy industry, Inner Mongolia's GDP growth rate during the entire 11th Five-Year Plan period is the highest in the country. A number of regional plans, such as the “Qiaotoubao†plan in Yunnan and the revitalization plan of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, are intensifying or waiting for approval. Judging from the characteristics of industrial positioning in various regions, Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone and Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone are the core of the rise of western industries; Xinjiang and Tibet are key areas for policy incitement and Yanbian development and opening up, while cross-border economies in Guangxi and Yunnan Cooperation will be unique; Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai are provinces and regions with industrial restructuring, development of circular economy and development of characteristic industries. Industry insiders pointed out that narrowing the regional gap and seeking regional coordination is one of the objectives of the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, while the current situation of the central and western regions laging behind the eastern region for a long time is prompting the country to make more determination to introduce more preferential policies and regions. The main reason for revitalization. As the country intensively introduces regional revitalization plans to promote economic development in the western region, it will bring unprecedented opportunities for the rapid development of the western region. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the development of the western region faced both rare historical opportunities and many foreseeable and unpredictable risk challenges. Overall, the western region has entered an important strategic opportunity period for accelerating development. In accordance with the new round of implementation of the strategy for the development of the western region, the main tasks in the future are to accelerate infrastructure construction; strengthen ecological construction and environmental protection; develop distinctive industries; strengthen scientific and technological innovation, strengthen talent development; vigorously develop social undertakings; and strengthen the development of key economic zones. Expand the opening to the outside world. The integration of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei has become a key factor The development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has been relatively slow for a long time. Today, the regional integration of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei has been mentioned many times in recent years. The development plans of Tianjin Binhai New Area, the Ring Capital Economic Circle and the Hebei Coastal Area have been issued one after another, which provides a good boosting role for the development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. In 2010, the National Development and Reform Commission reported the “Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Area Plan†to the State Council, but the “Planning†has not yet been released. Although it has not been released, the main functional area plan in the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†will be listed in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Into the optimized development area, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei is an important strategic area to enhance the country's competitiveness. The country's important population and economic-intensive areas are the driving force for national economic and social development. In February this year, Tianjin Binhai New Area announced the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of Tianjin Binhai New Area (Draft)â€. The plan pointed out that the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period is a promising strategic opportunity period for Binhai New Area and a golden development period for accelerating development and opening up. The overall goal of the economic and social development of Binhai New Area is: the portal function of opening up to the outside world in China is significantly enhanced, the modern manufacturing and R&D transformation bases are basically established, the status of the northern international shipping center and the international logistics center is basically established, the economy is prosperous, the society is harmonious, and the environment is beautiful. The framework of a livable ecological new urban area has basically taken shape. During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the regional GDP will increase by more than 17% annually, and local fiscal revenue will increase by more than 20%. By 2015, the total economic output will exceed 100 billion yuan, and the local fiscal revenue will exceed 150 billion yuan. The added value of the service industry in the region will account for 40% of the total value of GDP, and the added value of high-tech industries will account for 25% of the total production value. . In May of this year, the overall plan for the green economy circle of the capital city proposed by Hebei Province was officially released. According to the plan, Langfang will jointly build an international gateway and international exchange area with Beijing to build an important fulcrum city of the capital economic circle. Chengde will build a royal city in the capital region. Cultural and tourist attractions. The green economic circle around the capital includes four prefecture-level cities, including Zhangjiakou, Chengde, Langfang and Baoding around Beijing, which will create a green economy circle with the emerging industries as the leading capital. Promote the construction of the green economy circle of the capital, the core is to do a good job in industrial planning. To this end, the master plan has planned a number of bases in seven emerging industries, aiming to accelerate the integration of high-end industries and promote the integration of industries in the region by absorbing the industrial transfer of Beijing. On November 27, 2011, the “Hebei Coastal Area Development Plan†was approved by the National Development and Reform Commission. The “Planning†proposed the short-term goals and long-term goals for the development of the coastal areas of Hebei: by 2015, the comprehensive strength will be significantly enhanced and the Bohai Rim area will be built. Emerging growth regions; by 2020, the regional development level will be further improved and become one of the regions with strong comprehensive strength in the country. The National Development and Reform Commission said that this is an important moment in the implementation of the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€. The country’s important strategic deployment of promoting scientific development and accelerating the transformation of economic development mode is also to further implement the overall strategy for regional development and support the development of the eastern region. Another major initiative to promote coordinated regional development across the country. According to the "Planning", the strategic positioning of Hebei coastal areas is: an important growth area in the Bohai Rim region, an important bearing for the expansion of functions and industries in Beijing and Tianjin, an important new industrialization base in China, a new highland in China's open cooperation, and a coastal area in the north of China. A livable area with good ecology. Du Ying, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that in the past few years, due to the overall strategic considerations, we have made a lot of efforts in the layout of the coastal areas and compiled a number of plans. Relatively speaking, the planning of the coastal areas of Hebei has been compiled. A little late, because in the northeastern coastal areas, Hebei's economic development is backward. In the entire coastal economic layout, there are three large engines, one called the Yangtze River Delta, one called the Pearl River Delta, and one called the Bohai Sea or the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regional development faced multiple tasks, including not only the transformation of the development model, the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure, but also the diffusion, concentration and integration of the industry in the regional space, and the industrial chain within the regional scope. Docking and division of labor. On the basis of accomplishing the above tasks, we must pay more attention to the development of regional integration and the implementation of policies. As a relatively late start, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is bound to face many difficulties and more opportunities. The links and mutual relations between cities The impact will continue to grow and regional issues must be addressed through active promotion of regional collaboration. Du Ying, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, believes that the planning work in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has not yet been fully implemented. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the problems of the capital economic circle and the development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration. The eastern coastal marine economy will become a bright spot After 30 years of rapid development, China's eastern coastal areas, especially the eastern developed provinces and cities, are facing serious constraints on resources, environment and development space. In this context, the coastal provinces and cities have taken advantage of the economic and technological strength accumulated over the past 30 years to march into the ocean and demand resources and development space from the ocean. The blue economic tide swept across the eastern coastal areas and initially formed the “three majors†and The five small" marine economic regional pattern. “Three majorsâ€, namely the Bohai Sea, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta Marine Economic Zone, which support 88% of China’s marine economy; the “five smallâ€, namely the Liaoning Coastal Economic Belt, the Shandong Yellow River Delta Ecological Economic Zone, and the Jiangsu Coastal Economic Zone, The West Coast Economic Zone and the Guangxi Beihai Economic Zone. In the 21st century, China's marine economic development is expanding with a strong expansion force from shallow water to the deep sea, the sea and the sea, and the social, economic and cultural three-dimensional coordinates. In the increasingly wide coastal areas of economic geography, the regional urbanization caused by population movement and the high-tech intensification of marine resources development and utilization are the basic situation, accelerating the dramatic changes in the coastal regional economic pattern, and developing marine resources. The rapid rise of the "new east" characterized by the development of the marine industry is becoming an important engine for promoting China's economic and social development in the 21st century. The marine economy has also become the "commanding height" of the new economy that China's eastern coastal provinces and cities are competing for. On June 8, 2010, the Outline of Hainan International Tourism Island Construction and Development Plan was officially approved by the National Development and Reform Commission. The "Planning Outline" defines the guiding ideology, strategic positioning, development goals and key tasks of Hainan International Tourism Island construction, and proposes the construction of international tourism islands from the aspects of spatial layout, infrastructure construction, industrial development, safeguard measures, and immediate action plans. Specific work arrangements. The "Planning Outline" defines the direction of Hainan's industrial development, mainly developing tourism, cultural and sports industries, real estate, finance and insurance, commerce and catering, and modern logistics, tropical modern agriculture, new industries and high-tech industries, and marine economy. 8 major industries. On January 4, 2011, the State Council officially approved the "Development Plan for the Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone." This is China's first strategy to take the marine economy as the theme, taking into account the regional development of sea and land, and the first national strategy for the beginning of the 12th Five-Year Plan. It marks a major strategic move for China's regional development to extend from the land economy to the marine economy and actively promote the integration of land and sea. The pilot work of the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†for marine economic development has entered the implementation stage. On June 30, 2011, Zhejiang Zhoushan Islands New District was officially approved by the State Council and became the first national strategic level new area with the theme of marine economy. The establishment of this new district is another state-level new district decided by the Party Central Committee and the State Council after the Shanghai Pudong New Area, Tianjin Binhai New Area and Chongqing Liangjiang New District. In August this year, the State Council officially approved to implement a more special preferential policy than the special economic zones in Hengqin New District of Zhuhai City, in order to reshape Zhuhai's new development advantages and build a new carrier of close cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. This is equivalent to a "free trade zone" similar to Hong Kong. It implements the "first-line" and "second-line" "segmentation" management model. It is the third national-level new district after Shanghai Pudong and Tianjin Binhai. In November, the State Council officially approved the “Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone Overall Development Plan†and agreed to implement the island-wide release of Pingtan. It will give peace to the customs clearance model, fiscal and tax support, investment access, financial insurance, cooperation with Taiwan, and land support. Tan is a more special and more preferential policy than the special economic zone. In addition, the “Jiangsu Coastal Area Development Plan†of Jiangsu Province was approved by the State Council as early as June 2009, and Shanghai has long proposed the strategy of building an international financial center and an international shipping center. At present, China's marine economy can be described as "flowering everywhere." One of the highlights in coastal development planning is to promote the development of the marine economy. The State Council is promoting pilot projects for marine economic development in Shandong, Zhejiang, Guangdong and other provinces, including actively developing marine oil and gas, marine transportation, marine fisheries, coastal tourism, marine biomedicine, marine engineering equipment manufacturing and other industries, and integrating port resources. Under the background of this policy, the implementation of the planning of the Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone and the Zhoushan Archipelago New Area will help optimize the spatial layout of the marine economy. The prosperity of the marine economy is also conducive to maintaining the order of development of marine resources, ensuring the safety of maritime transport corridors, and safeguarding the country's maritime rights and interests.