Aluminum alloy aging strengthening principle

【China Aluminum Industry Network】 Age hardening of aluminum alloys is a very complicated process. It depends not only on the composition and aging process of the alloy, but also on the defects caused by alloy shrinkage in the production process, especially the number of vacancies and dislocations. And distribution and so on. It is currently believed that age hardening is the result of segregation of solute atoms to form a hardened zone.

When the aluminum alloy is heated by quenching, vacancies are formed in the alloy. During quenching, these vacancies are too late to remove and are “fixed” in the crystal. These vacancies in supersaturated solid solutions are mostly associated with solute atoms. Because the supersaturated solid solution is in an unstable state, it will inevitably shift to an equilibrium state. The presence of vacancies accelerates the diffusion rate of the solute atoms, thus accelerating the segregation of solute atoms.

The size and number of hardened zones depends on the quenching temperature and quenching cooling rate. The higher the quenching temperature, the greater the concentration of vacancies, the greater the number of hardened zones and the reduced size of the hardened zone. The greater the cooling rate of quenching, the more vacancies fixed in the solid solution will help increase the number of hardened zones and reduce the size of hardened zones.

A basic feature of precipitation hardened alloys is their equilibrium solubility as a function of temperature, ie, increasing solid solubility with increasing temperature, most heat treatable aluminum alloys meet this requirement.

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