Beet cultivation techniques and new discoveries

Hong Beijing August 12, according to Chinese news Village Voice "Dr. Agriculture Online" reported: beet sugar is one of the main sources other than tropical sugar cane. Among the beets, there is a variant called leaf beet. Leaf beet likes to be cool and adaptable. It is widely planted in the north of China and is mainly used as feed. The young stems and leaves of leaf beet can also be used as vegetables. Although, the leaf beet cultivated by farmers in northern China is mainly green stalks of green stalk leaf beets. But in fact, the color of the petiole of the leaf beet is colorful. In addition to the varieties of green stalks, leaf beets, as well as white stalks and red stalks, are many different types, making them a creative vegetable category. If you come to the Changping District of Beijing and the sightseeing vegetable garden test site established by the Beijing Agricultural Technology Promotion Station, you can see colorful leaf beets in the visual garden. They are planted in pots like flowers and produce fresh leaf beets all year round. In the concentrated greenhouse shed of Yangzhou Modern Agriculture Exhibition Center in Jiangsu Province, the golden leaf beet and the red leaf beet are cultivated into the pipeline through a three-dimensional vegetable cultivation mode, and one plant is fresh and lush. "Agricultural Dr." said that the colorful leaf beet, the leaves are thick, the texture is soft and smooth, the petiole and leaf veins are crisp and tender, nutritious and taste good; the general plant height is less than half a meter and the color is gorgeous. It can be said that they have the dual functions of viewing and eating. Moreover, the leaf beet has wide adaptability and relatively extensive management, and it is most suitable for growing under the climatic conditions at the turn of the spring and summer in the southern region. Therefore, the leaf beet is also the “Vulnerable Vegetable” in the southern region, and it is also a relatively lacking solution to the leafy vegetables. Alternative varieties.

Since 2008 , Hefei City, Anhui Province has begun to plant “vulnerable vegetables” to solve the problem of people eating vegetables in the summer and eating expensive food. In 2008 , the scale of the standardized vegetable base in Hefei City was 300 mu, all of which were all vegetable greenhouses and more than 20 specialty vegetable varieties such as red leaf beet . In late July of this year , Hefei’s “Vulnerable Vegetables” began to be listed in large quantities. According to reports, this year's Hefei City vegetable shortage area of 50,000 acres, focusing on the use of steel frame facilities around the city, supporting shade nets, insect nets, sticky insect boards, etc., to establish 23 centralized contiguous more than 100 acres scale, standardization The production base of the waste vegetables ensures that 800 tons of fresh vegetables are served daily to the public table. Hefei cultivates leaf beet through modern agricultural facilities, while in central and southern China, leaf beet can be sown in autumn under the conditions of open field cultivation, which is the season from early August to October . Harvested in the early season, the seedlings will be harvested in the late broadcast or harvested in the spring of the second year. When harvesting, it is also the off-season of leafy vegetables, and the market prospect is broad; the realization of high yield through scientific management is even more significant.

Guest: Chen Chunxiu, a researcher and senior agronomist at the Vegetable Research Center of the Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences.

Sowing the leaf beet in autumn, is it live broadcast or good seedling?

Chen Chunxiu: The leaf beet can be broadcast live in the south, or it can be seeded, because the seed of the leaf beet is a grain, not only a seedling is sent inside, but two or three plants can be produced at once. In order to save seeds, we will raise seedlings. Seedlings can also be used as a premise for sowing, so that leaf beets can be supplied all year round in summer and autumn, so we can usually use seed trays for seeding. We can use 128 holes for seeding. After broadcasting, we can broadcast them. It can have two seeds in one plant. It is possible to have two or three plants, so that two or three plants will be separated from the seedlings at the time. It will produce two to three plants. We will separate them and separate them into other holes. This saves seeds and the seedlings are neat and uniform. So generally we are now using the method of seedling better.

Seeding density control

Chen Chunxiu: Seeding density should be sown with a tray. One seed is spotted in one hole. If there are more seedlings, separate the seeds in the hole and separate the seedlings. If the seedling density after seedling is used, it can be based on the row spacing. are 25-30 this spacing, vertical distance is about 20-25, for an acre of land may be about 5000 bar, 4, 5 one thousand, this is the density of colonization.

When is the early broadcast suitable?

Chen Chunxiu: Different regions are also different. The Central China region is relatively southward. It is generally planted in the spring like the early spring. It is usually planted in the summer from August to October . It can be harvested in the same year. In the spring. when March and April you can sow, and can be harvested during the summer months, North China may be spring, spring a group, may also after summer sowing, harvesting spring to summer, autumn can be sown after two months of winter can Cultivation, because there is a protected area in North China, like a greenhouse, like a solar greenhouse, it can be harvested in winter, but North China and Northeast China and Northwest China can be planted once a year. It can be broadcast in spring until autumn. Picking is the cultivation time of different regions in different regions, and the planting time is also different.

How to apply fertilizer

Chen Chunxiu: First, the bottom fertilizer, because it is more resistant to fertilizer, if our bottom fertilizer is more adequate, especially the rancid organic fertilizer, the leaves on the upper side will be more fertile. Our leaf beet mainly eats the leaves, leaves and petioles, so that after we topdress Is based on nitrogen fertilizer, this method of topdressing, catch up with if our seedlings are used, seedlings are said to be twenty or thirty centimeters, thirty is no more than forty centimeters, then we can chase a nitrogen fertilizer, if we use staged It’s harvested, that is, we harvested a leaf and a leaf. We use a fertilizer every time we take it. Basically, we can apply it once a month, because it is more resistant to thinness, and it’s important to understand the irrigation. Wet on the line, not too wet, too wet it grows too fast, and if the density is too big, it is easy to fall, so we have to see dry and wet, give it loose soil after each watering, so as to keep the soil moist That's it.

Pests and diseases that are prone to occur

Chen Chunxiu: The leaf beet is mainly disease or less. In the spring of insects, if we have locusts, underground pests, and wild foxes on the land, this is if we are well protected, if there is basically no insect like leaf beet in the northern region. The disease is mainly caused by the blight or squatting disease when we nurse seedlings in the seedling stage. This phenomenon controls the humidity when the seedlings are raised. This seedling disease can also be controlled. The mature period is like our land rain is relatively large. There are also some powdery mildews when the density is relatively large, or when it is not harvested in time. In general, the pests and diseases of leaf beet are not as serious as other vegetable pests and diseases, so if we eat seedlings, this kind of seedlings Leaf beets can be harvested almost without any medicine. The leaf beets are cultivated very well and the pests and diseases are very small.

Leaf beet variety - red stem leaf beet

Chen Chunxiu: The varieties of leaf beet mainly consist of red beet leaf beet and green stalk, and yellow, but the main varieties we are now planting are mainly red beet leaf beet. Our country used to have no red stalk beet, basically Introduced from the United Kingdom, and this variety is first resistant to disease and high yield. This is a great feature and characteristic. There is also a red stalk leaf beet rich in anthocyanins. This nutritional value is also very high, and there is another red. Stalk leaf beet is also very resistant to insects, and it has strong disease resistance. Because we know that colored vegetables have an ability to resist diseases and insects against diseases and insect pests, so the resistance of sugar beet to cross-stalk beetle is higher. Strong, the ground four is also easier to cultivate, because the insect-resistant and disease-resistant, so it is easier to cultivate, its ability to resist salt and alkali, stronger than the green and yellow salt-tolerant ability, especially our country Leaf beet, so that we can eat better vegetables, more valuable, more nutritious vegetables, can also produce high yields, and also improve the saline capacity of the soil, so that after planting the leaf beet, plant two or three Our soil structure can also be changed in the year, and other vegetables can be grown. Therefore, if you want to plant some red stems, you can make a high yield and improve the soil structure. This is a very good choice.