Common pests and diseases of pepper and prevention methods
Zanthoxylum bungeanum is an important economic crop. It is widely distributed in the northeastern part of the northeast of China, south to the north slope of Wuling, southeast to the coastal areas of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and southwest to the vast areas of southeastern Tibet. It is drought-tolerant, enjoys sunshine, and has high edible and medicinal value. However, there are many types of pests and diseases, and according to statistics, there are more than 130 species. As of the end of July 2017, China has not approved any pesticide products to be registered on pepper. According to the requirements of the Regulations on the Administration of Pesticides, this work is urgently needed. In recent years, the research and development departments of agriculture, forestry and plant protection in various parts of China have carried out a large number of trials on the efficacy of pepper pests and diseases, and achieved a series of important results. A brief summary is given below for reference. aphid The College of Plant Protection of Yunnan Agricultural University measured the activity of six agents against Zanthoxylum bungeanum in indoors and in the field. The results of indoor virulence test showed that the six agents were highly toxic to tangerine at lower concentration, especially the activity of 2% avermectin EC and 2.5% cyhalothrin EW was the most significant. The LC50 values ​​were 0.21 and 0.35 mg/L, respectively. The results of field efficacy test showed that the six pesticides had good control effects on Zanthoxylum bungeanum. The control effect was above 90% after 5 days. It is recommended to use 2% avermectin EC and 2.5% lambda-cyhalothrin EW for the control of peppercorns, and several other drugs can be used at intervals. The plant protection and quarantine station of Tianshui City, Gansu Province used the five kinds of pesticides currently used in production and newly promoted on the market to carry out the field control experiment of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. The results showed that the average control effect of the drug was better after 7 days of 50% fluazimidazole water dispersible granule 6000 times solution, 20% acetamiprid soluble powder 6000 times solution and 10% imidacloprid WP 3000 times solution. , 94.3%, 86.5%, 85.4%, respectively, can be promoted and applied in production. Locust and red-yellow spider The results of the efficacy test of thiacloprid control of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and red-yellow spiders conducted by the Forestry Bureau of Zigong City, Zigong City, Zigong City, and the Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Forestry Bureau of Zigong City, Sichuan Province showed that 2% thiacloprid wettable powder has good quick-acting effect and the effective period is 10 About 3%; 3% thiacloprid suspension has good effect, and the duration of effect is about 20 days. 2% thiacloprid wettable powder 1000 times liquid control effect is better than 2% thiacloprid wettable powder 1500 times liquid, 3% thiacloprid suspension 500 times liquid control effect is better than 3% thiacloprid suspension agent 1000 times liquid. White wax The research results of Shaanxi Hancheng Forestry Science and Technology Center show that the stone sulphur mixture is used in winter pepper garden, which can comprehensively prevent and control various diseases and insect pests such as ash, delay the occurrence of pests and diseases, reduce the number of pests and diseases; reduce the number of medications, dosage and cost of medication. Reduce pesticide residues, improve the quality of pepper, and ensure the quality of pepper. Copper jumper The Yunnan Academy of Forestry has carried out the hazards and living habits and comprehensive management experiments of the copper-breasted beetle of Gannan and Yunnan Zhaotong. The results show that the bio-learning and harm of the copper-breasted beetle due to the difference of climate environment and habitat factors The characteristics have changed a lot; the slight hazard does not affect the output of the year; the severely damaged pepper gardens have decreased in the same year and the second year. Since the hazards are not all negative effects, measures to control the density of the insects can be used to prevent and control. The canopy was sprayed with 4.5% beta-cypermethrin 0.05% solution, and the control effect on the newly hatched larvae was over 95%. Rust The College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, conducted a study on the epidemiology and chemical control of the leaf rust of Zanjiao in Shilidian and Baishipu, Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province. The results showed that pepper rust began to develop in the middle and late July, and entered the general stage in August. The highest growth rate (r) of the disease reached 0.08. The incidence reached the highest peak in mid-September, and the maximum disease index reached 74.5. By the beginning of October, the crown disease index decreased significantly, and the time-dynamic Gompertz growth model of the rust epidemic; the prevalence of the pepper rust disease was closely related to meteorological factors, and the high humidity and 18-22 °C temperature in late summer and early autumn were conducive to the rust epidemic. The field chemical control test showed that the average control effect of 15% triadimefon and 43% tebuconazole was 78.9 and 76.82, respectively, which had significant effects on controlling the pepper rust epidemic. The plant protection and phytosanitary station of Tianshui City, Gansu Province, for the effective control of pepper rust, screened out high-efficiency pharmacy, and selected four kinds of pharmacy currently used in production and on the market for field control experiments. The results showed that the average control effect was better after applying the 12.5% ​​flucyclazole suspension, 30% hexaconazole suspension and 10% difenoconazole water dispersing granules for 7 days, which were 85.35% and 84.73% respectively. 84.51% can be promoted and applied in production. anthrax Qin'an County Forestry Technical Guidance Station of Gansu Province uses 4 kinds of medicaments (45% prochloraz emulsion, 50% thiram double wettable powder, 55% azole ether? Daisen water dispersible granules and 80% mancozeb wettability) Powder powder) The control experiment of anthracnose of pepper was carried out. The results showed that the four kinds of medicaments had certain control effects on anthracnose of pepper, and the control effect of spraying 50% Fumei double wettable powder + 80% mancozeb wettable powder The best, the control effect reached 80.5%, effectively solved the impact of pepper anthracnose on the quality and yield of pepper. Root rot The College of Plant Protection of Yunnan Agricultural University and the plant protection and phytosanitary station of Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province took the root rot of pepper, as the control object, and chose root rot, 50% thiram, 58% metalaxyl, manganese zinc, 45% pentachloro bromide 4 The pesticides were tested for indoor drug screening and field control. The results of indoor bioassay showed that the average inhibitory rates of the four agents on the growth of Fusarium solani were 83.66%, 96.10%, 94.04%, 87.40%, and the EC50 was 1.043 7,0.2307,0.5130. , 0.5901 mg / mL, both have a strong inhibitory effect; Datian District test results show that whether the pepper root rot bacteria before or after vaccination, the four drugs have a certain effect on the spread of pepper root rot Before the inoculation of pathogens, the average control effect reached 83.64%, 84.80%, 75.27%, and 64.99%; the average control effect after inoculation was 70.68%, 72.68%, 57.82%, 52.89%, and indoor toxicity. The measurement results are consistent, and the pre-inoculation of the pathogenic bacteria has a good preventive effect. Black plague The forest pest control quarantine station of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province used the Bacillus subtilis wettable powder to carry out the field control experiment of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. The results showed that: 100 billion live spores/gram Bacillus subtilis wettable powder 20%, 10% liquid The effect of controlling I-II strains of black smut is very significant, and the average cure rate is 83.85%. From the economic point of view, 10% of the liquid can be used in the production to control the black smut of pepper. More pesticide knowledge , please pay attention to China Pesticide Network (Source: Good Agricultural Investment Merchants Network) Elevator Door Motor, Door Operator Box, Door Motor Drive, Door Operator Box Suzhou FUJI Precision Elevator Co.,Ltd , https://www.profuji.com