High-yield cotton field fertilization technology
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First, master the basis of fertilization
(1) It is determined that the nutrient content to be absorbed for every 100 kg of cotton produced is 5 kg of nitrogen, 1.8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 4 kg of potassium oxide. (2) The soil with moderate to upper fertility generally provides the ability to produce 100 kg of cotton per acre, that is, the soil itself can supply 5 kg of nitrogen per mu, 1.8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 4 kg of potassium oxide. (3) The nutrient content of common fertilizers. Urea contains 46% nitrogen, standard ternary compound fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide each 15%, potassium chloride contains 50% potassium oxide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate contains 52% phosphorus pentoxide, 34 % potassium oxide. (4) The utilization rate of commonly used fertilizer nutrients in the current year. The annual utilization rate of nitrogen is 60%, the utilization rate of phosphorus pentoxide in the year is 25%, and the utilization rate of potassium oxide in the current year is 50%.
Second, the development of target production and development of target production should be combined with local climate characteristics, production conditions, production levels and other comprehensive factors. Based on the climatic characteristics, production conditions and production levels of the Huanghuai cotton area, the target yield of high-yield cotton fields is set at 350 kg per mu.
Third, fertilization form, period, function, method, fertilization amount
(1) Base fertilizer. Adding common-effect fertilizer can not only supplement the deficiency of quick-acting fertilizer, but also maintain the soil's own fertility. It can evenly apply organic manure 2 to 3 cubic meters and cover it by tillage.
(2) Applying quick-acting fertilizer for the absorption and utilization of seedlings. When re-cultivating and raking land from February to March, 30 kg of standard ternary compound fertilizer was applied, which was equivalent to 4.5 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide, respectively, accounting for 21.6% and 25% of the total fertilization amount. 22.5%.
(3) Topdressing. Topdressing should be carried out in conjunction with watering or rainfall to help maximize fertilizer efficiency.
1. The bud period is topdressing. This period is the critical period of cotton nutrition. The requirements for nutrients are very urgent. Timely topdressing is the most effective measure to ensure the normal development of plants, promote the coordinated development of vegetative growth and reproductive growth. In the middle of June, 40 kg of standard ternary compound fertilizer was applied to the plant at 20 cm from the plant, which was equivalent to 6 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide, respectively accounting for 28.8%, 33.3%, 30 of the total fertilization amount. %.
2. Topdressing during flowering. During this period, the maximum efficiency of early cotton nutrition, the fast absorption of nutrients, the large amount of absorption, a large number of fertilization is the fundamental condition for capturing high yield. In the middle of July, 50 kg of standard ternary compound fertilizer was applied to the plant 30 cm away, and potassium sulphate or potassium chloride was added in an amount of 7.5 kg, and 7.5 kg of potassium oxide was added. They accounted for 36.1%, 41.7%, and 47.5% of the total fertilization amount, respectively.
3. Shengling period of topdressing. During this period, vegetative growth gradually decreased, and timely topdressing can prolong leaf function and prevent premature aging. In the first ten days of August, 6 kg of urea was applied from 35 to 40 cm of the plant, which was equivalent to 2.8 kg of nitrogen, accounting for 33.5% of the total fertilization amount.
4. Add foliar fertilizer. Foliar fertilizer is mainly used in the late growth stage of cotton, and it can quickly supplement nutrients to prevent premature aging. Foliar fertilizer was added twice in mid-August and early September, and 0.3% to 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was added to 0.5% to 1% urea solution to spray the leaves evenly.
Huaxian County Liu Xiuling