Radial preloading method and axial preloading method for rolling bearings

The pre-tightening method is divided into two categories: radial pre-tightening method and axial pre-tightening method. The brief introduction is as follows:

Radial preloading method

Radial top tightening is often used in tapered bore bearings that are subjected to radial loads. A typical example is a double row precision short cylindrical roller bearing. The nut is used to adjust the axial position of the bearing relative to the tapered journal. The ring has a suitable amount of expansion to give a radial negative play. This method is mostly used in Machine tool spindles and jet engines.

2. Axial preloading method

The axial pre-tightening method can be roughly divided into two types: positioning pre-tightening and constant-pressure pre-tightening.

In the positioning pre-tightening, the appropriate pre-tightening amount can be obtained by adjusting the size of the bushing or the gasket; the appropriate pre-tightening can also be adjusted by measuring or controlling the starting friction torque; The paired double bearings are used to achieve the purpose of pre-tightening. At this time, the user does not need to adjust again. In short, the bearings that are axially pre-tensioned will not change their relative position when used.

Constant pressure preloading is a method in which a bearing is properly pre-tensioned by a coil spring or a disc spring. The stiffness of the preloaded spring is generally much less than the stiffness of the bearing, so the relative position of the preloaded bearing will change during use, but the preload will remain approximately the same.

The comparison between positioning preload and constant pressure preload is as follows :

(1) When the pre-tightening amount is equal, the positioning pre-tightening has a greater effect on the increase of bearing rigidity, and the influence of the rigidity change on the bearing load during positioning pre-tightening is also much smaller.

(2) Positioning pre-tightening In use, due to the axial length difference caused by the temperature difference between the shaft and the bearing housing, the amount of radial expansion caused by the temperature difference between the inner and outer rings and the displacement caused by the load may pre-tighten. The amount changes; while the constant pressure preload is in use, the change in preload is negligible.

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