Search and rescue technology in emergency rescue

Search technology
Search is the most important content of rescue work and it is the key to ensuring the success of rescue work. Searching is also the most difficult part of the rescue work. It requires both rich practical experience and skills, as well as modern high-tech equipment to assist in positioning. Search positioning is determined at the disaster site through search, call, instrument detection or dog search. The location of survivors trapped in natural spaces or crevices, search and positioning teams are an important part of the rescue team. Search techniques are divided into several areas. Rescue searchers should specify the purpose of the search, how to mark buildings, find survivors and contact them, and determine the location of survivors. The better search methods are: manual search, search dog search, and instrument search.
(1) Manual search
Comprehensive analysis of artificial search areas or collapse of buildings and building risk assessment information can be conducted in a room-by-room, space-by-space search, or by pull-net search. Through the search for survivors' families or survivors who have been rescued, a quick search for all vulnerable or vulnerable victims can be immediately rescued. Mark the need to remove the rubble and report it to the captain.
The basic method of artificial search: search for survivors directly; call search survivors, listen to echoes of survivors; search for survivors in a detailed format on the web.
The main limitation of manual search is that rescue personnel work too close to potentially dangerous areas and cannot access all the space in a building. Before implementing an artificial search, the best way is to consult someone who understands the background of the collapsed building.
The process of manual search is: First, organize the personnel to search around the site, rescue personnel to find the visible survivors and contact them through propaganda, and transfer these survivors to a safe place.
The premise of this search method is that survivors can hear the call and have the ability to respond. When the survivors are in a coma or serious injury, this method will not work.
(2) Dog Search
Searching for dogs is one of the traditional professional search tools. Using search dog search requires other search resources as well as trained dogs and guides. Therefore, the use of search dogs is limited, but using search dogs to complete the search work is indeed an effective method, and conditional urban community earthquake emergency rescue team may consider trying to cultivate their own search dogs.
The dog search work program generally includes three parts: a search range, an initial surface search, and a detailed search. Before the heavy rescue equipment arrives and moves out of the rubble, the search dog can be used to search for debris to determine the location of survivors or bodies and rescue them or remove them.
Dog search has the following advantages: it can search in large areas in a short time; suitable for dangerous environments, the dog's body type and weight are more suitable for smaller spaces, and produce a less likely secondary search environment; some search dogs have The ability to distinguish between survivors and dead bodies saves time, and search dogs can also work closely with thermal infrared and optical search instruments, while searching for missing survivor dogs is also very successful.
Disadvantages of dog search: the working time is relatively short, at least two search dogs need to conduct separate mutual verification of the search area. The effect depends on the ability of trainers and dogs. When affected by temperature, wind, etc., there is no way for dogs to search.
(3) Instrument search
"Snake Eye"
The first step to rescue rubble deep is search. The survivors were buried in the rubble and it was clearly too slow to dig through the rubble with their hands. Using heavy machinery to move them could injure others. Various search instruments can help. "Snake Eye" is a kind of search instrument. Its scientific name is "optical life detector" and it uses light reflection to carry out life detection. The body of the instrument is very flexible, like a snake skin tube used in the sewer, which can be freely twisted in the rubble. There are small probes in front of the instrument that can penetrate into the tiny gap detection. Similar to the camera equipment, the information is sent back. The rescue team can use the viewer to clearly see the depth of the rubble. The anti-theft device used in many museums and supermarkets is such an optical probe plus observation.
There are two other commonly used search instruments: thermal infrared life detectors and sonic vibration life detectors.
- The thermal infrared life detector has a night vision function. Its principle is to judge different targets by sensing the temperature difference, so it can work as usual in the dark. Professor Wang said that this kind of instrument is a bit like the instrument that measures the temperature of the door of the mall, but it is more than that, and it has an image display.
-- The sonic vibration life detector relies on identifying the sounds of trapped persons. Humans have two ears. The instrument has three to six ears. Its ears are called "vibrators". They are also called vibration sensors. They can determine the specifics of survivors based on the small differences in the sounds heard by each ear. position. The voice of speech is the easiest to recognize for it because the designer has fully studied the frequency of human voice. If the survivor can no longer speak, just tap with your finger and make a slight noise that can also be heard by it. The key is that the impact of noise cannot be too great.