The status quo and development countermeasures of China's foundry technology (2)

(4) Talent shortage

The serious shortage of casting technical talents is the key to restricting the development of China's foundry technology. The main performances are as follows: 1 The number of technical and managerial personnel is small and unevenly distributed. The minimum factory technology and management only account for 12% of the total number of employees, and the largest number of factories account for 323%, a difference of 27 times. State-owned enterprises, especially military workers. The proportion of enterprises is high. 2 The number of senior talents is small. The technical management talents of foundry enterprises are mainly secondary, junior college and undergraduate students, especially the number of secondary and junior college students, and there are few graduate students. 3 New talent sources are difficult. Many colleges and universities no longer set up casting professions after the 1990s, and some large and medium-sized enterprises also have a downward trend in the schools, and the sources of new talents are increasingly difficult.

The fundamental reason for the lack of foundry talents is the low corporate treatment and poor working environment. 80% of the employees of state-owned enterprises are over 40 years old, and there are very few people aged 20-40. The professional and technical talents engaged in casting by private enterprises are mostly over 60 years old. Most of the workers are rarely professionally trained, and many are migrant workers engaged in foundry production. The technical level of the entire industry, especially the level of quality awareness and quality control, does not meet the requirements of market competition.

The countermeasures for the development of China's foundry industry

China's foundry industry is in a new stage from the founding power to the foundry power. It is necessary to overcome the problems of real energy, resources, talent bottlenecks and environmental problems. Therefore, we must seize the opportunity to use high technology to improve the quality of castings and reverse the image of Chinese castings with low technical content and low prices in the international market. It is necessary to support a group of casting enterprises with advantages to become an internationally competitive leading enterprise that drives the export of Chinese castings.

(1) Strengthen research on new casting processes, new materials and new equipment

Strengthen the basic research and applied research in the foundry industry. Many metal materials in the foundry industry are universal and critical. Therefore, we should pay attention to process research and improvement. At the same time, we must strengthen the adoption of advanced technologies such as material technology and computer simulation to stabilize product quality. . In fact, the domestic over-emphasis on the development of new materials and neglect the research on the process design and quality stability of the common key materials, and many problems in the production equipment are here, such as the turbine runner material used in the Three Gorges.

Gradually reduce and eliminate small cupola, develop large-scale cupola above 10 tons / hour, and use external hot air supply, water-cooled and furnace-free continuous operation cupola as needed; promote cupola furnace-induction furnace double smelting process; promote cupola dehumidification Air supply technology, cupola inverter control technology, increase dust removal device, reduce power consumption.

In-depth research on the smelting and casting process of large steel castings. Using refining technology, gas protection casting technology, AOD refining technology and selecting suitable refractory materials to improve the purity of castings and improve the quality of castings. The new casting system and riser design principles are used to improve casting quality and process yield. The new airless gating system design developed with visual casting technology is a major innovation in the casting process. Metals and I Heavy Group have been able to manufacture large cast steel backup rolls using this technology.

(2) Development of environmentally friendly casting raw and auxiliary materials

Establish a new raw and auxiliary material system compatible with high-density clay sand, according to different alloys, casting characteristics, production environment, develop different types of raw sand, non-polluting high-quality shell core sand; grasp the investigation and development of China's raw sand resources To carry out research and development of artificial sand for the replacement of special sands; to research and promote the use of clean and non-toxic raw and auxiliary materials, and to develop environmentally friendly sand core inorganic binders using non-toxic and tasteless modifiers, refining agents and binders; Use wet sand non-toxic and non-polluting powder cleaner to replace pulverized coal; use high-breaking sand technology, such as resin sand, modified ester hardened water glass sand process, new ester-cured water glass, nano-modified water glass; Research on the hygroscopicity and collapsibility of water glass sand, especially the development of old sand recycling technology, environmentally friendly sand treatment and regeneration technology; reclaiming used old sand as much as possible, and researching old sand after casting for highway subgrade materials Especially the recycling of chromite ore. Develop circular economy, adopt “reduction of REDUCE, reuse (REUSE), recycling (RECYCLE)” as the industry standard (3R principle), take the road of intensive clean production, rational use of resources, use of renewable materials and energy To ensure the sustainable development of the foundry industry.

(3) Build common technology and high-tech transmission platform

1 For the common problems of enterprises, improve the product qualification rate and process yield, reduce energy consumption and raw material consumption, and achieve green casting. Supporting scientific research units to meet production needs and focus on solving practical production problems should be the main direction of casting technology research.

2 Establish a high-tech transmission platform. Develop casting technology for key parts and achieve localization. Through cooperation with foreign research institutions and enterprises, we will introduce high-tech casting technology, develop key casting technology research together with the factory, and transform into new products to enter the market. It is hoped that the government will increase investment in this area and encourage large scientific research institutions to cooperate with large enterprise groups to solve the localization of key components related to the national economy and the people's livelihood.

(4) Focus on energy and environmental legislation

The casting industry has harsh working conditions and is also harmful to the environment. It is necessary to increase the restrictions on policies and regulations in this respect. The entry barrier for environmental protection labor protection should also be raised. The existing foundry sites with backward technology and serious pollution should be closed. Improve and provide insurance for workers and temporary workers engaged in smelting, pouring and cleaning operations. Strengthen the scientific management of energy, strengthen the upgrading of energy-saving technologies or the upgrading of high-energy-consuming equipment.

(5) Formulate talent policies and strengthen skills training

Because casting is a bitter and dirty industry, and the treatment is low, students are reluctant to learn, workers are unwilling to do it, and many people who have entered the industry have tried their best to change jobs, resulting in a shortage of talent. The state should formulate policies to attract and stabilize talents in the long run. In view of the fact that many colleges and universities do not have a casting profession, they can adopt the entrusted training of enterprises and the joint school-running school to train people, and pay special attention to the training of their computer software. Improve the casting level of technicians and workers by establishing national and regional technical training bases. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the training of the leadership and management personnel of the foundry enterprises, to master the modern management knowledge, to establish a modern management system, so that enterprises rely on management to produce benefits.

(6) Focus on independent innovation

Increase the restructuring and structural adjustment of foundry enterprises, carry out specialized production, achieve regional gathering, strengthen leading enterprises, and enable SMEs to gather around the industrial chain to realize basic supporting facilities, special process equipment, testing equipment, information networks, environmental protection facilities and other resources. Sharing; fully weigh the local resources, manpower, capital and market, grasp the advantages and highlight the characteristics of the cluster. At the same time of enterprise and product agglomeration, the realization of information agglomeration, talent agglomeration, technology agglomeration, and even the accumulation of competition, produce scale effect. We should not blindly purchase technology, equipment and products. We must strengthen independent innovation, produce more sophisticated castings that meet the national economy and national defense safety, and integrate material research into international competition.

Previous page

Cheaper Surface Protection Floor Shield

Surface Shield Pad,Temporary Wood Floor Protection,Cover Fleece For Floorguard,Carpet Protector Floor Mats

Suzhou Surface Protective New Material Technology Co.,Ltd , https://www.surfaceprotective.com