Understand the characteristics of furniture style and grasp the connotation law of furniture development and change
1 Classical furniture 2 Gothic In the late 13th century, Gothic architecture became popular in continental Europe. This trend also completely dominated the development of furniture at that time. Gothic furniture evolved from Gothic architectural style. 3 Baroque The biggest characteristic of Baroque style is that romanticism is the starting point of plastic art design. It has the characteristics of enthusiastic and rich and euphemistic art. This style of furniture is not affected by the change of architectural style during this period, mainly based on the functional needs of the furniture And life needs. Its biggest feature is the relative concentration of expressive details, simplifying unnecessary parts, and focusing on the overall structure, so it discards the complex decoration of the Renaissance, and strengthens the harmonious effect of the overall decoration, making the furniture visual The luxury on the market and the functional comfort are more unified. 4 Rococo style Rococo style furniture gradually replaced the Baroque style in the 1830s. Since this emerging style grew up during the era of the French King "Louis XV", it can also be called "Louis XV Style". Rococo (Rococo) is a compound of French "Rock" (Rocaille) and "Clam Shell" (Coquille), which means that this style is mostly decorated with rocks and clam shells. The biggest achievement of Rococo furniture is to further combine beautiful artistic shapes and functional comfort effects on the basis of Baroque furniture to form a perfect work of art. The greatest achievement of Rococo-style furniture is the ingenious combination of beautiful artistic shapes and comfortable functions to form a perfect craft crystal. It is particularly worth mentioning that the form of the furniture is completely consistent with the interior furnishings and interior wall decoration, forming a complete new concept of interior design. It is usually decorated with beautiful curved frames, brocades, and decorated with precious wood patches and gold-plated surfaces, so that the furniture of this period not only visually forms an extremely luxurious overall feeling, but also achieves a combination of practical and decorative effects. To an unprecedented degree of perfection. 5 Neoclassical style The neo-classical style can be roughly divided into two stages of development: the first stage is called Pompeii from about 1760 to 1800; the second stage is called imperial style from 1800 to 1830. Pompeii style prevailed in the second half of the 18th century. At that time, the French Louis XVI style, the late George of England, Robert-Adam, Herbaite, and Sheraton style, the American federal style, and Italy, Spain and other countries belonged to it. The category of Pompeii style. 6 Ethnic classical furniture Affected by the classical Chinese style, the academy buildings that emerged in Japan in the 16th century also paid attention to the layout of the team display, such as Chinese scrolls and calligraphy, censer on the ground, vases, exquisite study utensils and so on. 7 Ancient Chinese style The development of traditional Chinese furniture has a history of about 3,500 years. It pays attention to dignified temperament, rich literary grace and rich connotation. Among them, the Ming and Qing furniture created brilliant achievements of Chinese traditional furniture and had an inestimable influence on the furniture art of countries all over the world. 8 Chinese Ming Dynasty style Ming Taizu (Zhu Yuanzhang) established the Ming Dynasty in 1368 AD. The construction of water conservancy in the early Ming Dynasty encouraged the reclamation of wasteland, and the agricultural production destroyed by the nomadic people was quickly restored and developed. Handicrafts and commerce were also quickly developed, and international trade was extended to North Korea, Japan, Nanyang, Central Asia, and East Africa. , Europe and other places. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, capitalism sprouted due to the increase in productivity, the development of the commodity economy, and the increase in handicraftsmen and free traders. Due to the economic prosperity, handicrafts such as construction, smelting, textile, shipbuilding, ceramics, etc. all reached a considerable level at the time. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, a book on garden construction, "Governance" appeared, which summarized the experience of gardening art. The furniture of the Ming Dynasty was also greatly developed with the massive construction of garden architecture. At that time, the furniture configuration had a closer relationship with the building, and there was the concept of complete sets of furniture in halls, study rooms, and bedrooms. Generally, when constructing a house, the types, styles, dimensions, etc. of the furniture are considered in a complete set according to the depth, opening and use requirements of the building. The furniture of this period, whether it is hardwood or wood-lacquered furniture, or even folk wood furniture, is unique in its simple and dignified natural beauty with its simple shape, reasonable structure, beautiful lines, moderate proportions, and no excessive decoration. The style has won people's appreciation and won an international reputation. During the Ming Dynasty, due to developed transportation, overseas trade has also developed unprecedentedly. There have been cultural exchanges and trade activities in Japan, Central Asia, and the South China Sea. The feat of Zheng He ’s voyage to the Western Ocean, which is rare in the history of world navigation, has emerged. The prosperity of China not only promotes trade and diplomatic exchanges between countries, but also stimulates the vigorous development of the domestic economy. The high-quality woods in Southeast Asia, such as rosewood and red sandalwood, are imported into China. These tropical woods are hard, high-strength, beautiful in color and texture, so they are manufactured with precision, and they can be meticulously carved and linearly processed. Economic trade and handicrafts Further development finally brought Ming-style furniture to the historical peak of China's classical furniture and thus manned the history of the world. During this period, a number of furniture professional books appeared, such as "Lu Ban Jing" edited by Wu Rong and Others, Wen Zhenxiang The book "Long Wu Zhi" edited by Wang Yi, "The Three Talents Association" edited by Ma Siyi, and "Reverse Life Eight Notes" written by Gao Silong, etc. These professional books enrich the theoretical knowledge of furniture, guide the design, and Production has played a direct and indirect role. Mr. Yang Yao, a famous scholar of furniture research in the Ming Dynasty in China wrote in his writing: "Ming style homes have very obvious characteristics, one is the style established by the structure; one is the trade-off due to the performance of the limbs. From this Focusing on two points, although its variety is ever-changing, when combined, it always maintains a less volatile style, that is, "conciseness and appropriateness", but in the form of insight, it has an elegant charm. This charm is expressed in: 1. Comfortable and faithful appearance; Second, the lines of each part are strong and fluent, and it takes care of the environment of the human body shape. In order to reflect the applicable functions everywhere, it is made with an appropriate ratio and curvature. There are many types of Ming-style furniture, which can be roughly divided into six categories: 1. Chairs and stools: there are official hat chairs, lamp hanging chairs, back chairs, circle chairs, cross chairs, machine chairs, bar chairs, round stools, spring stools, drum stools, etc. 2. Several cases (containers): Kang table, coffee table, incense table, book case, flat-head case, tilt-head case, article case, piano table, supply table, eight immortal table, crescent table, etc. 3. Cabinets: There are stuffy cabinets, bookcases, bookcases, wardrobes, top cabinets, bright cabinets, treasure chests, etc. 4. Bed type: there are canopy bed, arhat bed, flat bed, etc. 5. Stand type: there are lamp stands, flower stands, mirror stands, basin stands, hangers, foot bearing (pedals), etc. 6. Screen type: There are insert screen, surrounding screen, screen, furnace screen, bottle holder, etc. The wood used for furniture in the Ming Dynasty was also extremely sophisticated. The Ming Dynasty Zheng He ’s seven trips to the South Ocean made China and Southeast Asian countries have close contacts and frequent trade exchanges. The high-quality wood produced in these areas, such as Huanghua pear, mahogany, red sandalwood and Qizi Wood), Phoebe and other supplies are sufficient. Because these hard tree species were mostly used for furniture in the Ming Dynasty, they were also called hardwood furniture. When making furniture, fully display the wood texture and natural color, without adding paint, surface treatment with waxing or transparent lacquer. This is a major feature of Ming Dynasty furniture. The furniture of the Ming Dynasty was beautiful and diverse, with fine workmanship and rigorous structure. The reason why it can reach this level is inseparable from the developed technology of the Ming Dynasty. If a worker wants to do his job well, he must first sharpen his weapon. The beautiful furniture made of hardwood is due to the advanced woodworking tools. The smelting technology of the Ming Dynasty was quite superb and produced sharp tools. At that time, there were many kinds of tools, such as planers, such as push planers, fine line planers, and centipede planers. There were also many types of saws, such as "cutting wood for the elder, cutting wood for the shortest, cutting bamboo with the finest teeth" and so on. In the Ming dynasty, skilled craftsmen were at the forefront, creating many new varieties and new structural furniture for beautiful furniture shapes and more and more functional requirements. Ming-style furniture adopts a frame structure, which is in line with China's unique wooden structure. According to the needs of modeling, we have created a variety of structures such as open tenon, stuffy tenon, square tenon, half tenon, long and short tenon, dovetail tenon, collet tenon, "save edge" technique, bawang brace, and Luo brace brace. It not only enriches the shape of the furniture, but also makes the furniture strong and durable. Although we can still see the real thing after hundreds of years. In short, the achievements of the Ming-style furniture manufacturing industry are unparalleled in the world, and many Western designers have fallen for it. The uniqueness of Ming-style furniture is multi-faceted, here let us borrow I art artist Professor Tian Zibing to summarize its artistic characteristics with four words, namely "simple, thick, refined, elegant". Jane means that its shape is clean and simple, not cumbersome and not piled up, the scale is suitable, simple and neat, and elegant. Thick means that it has a solid image and has a dignified and rustic effect. Fine refers to its exquisite workmanship, line by line, twists and turns, rigorous and accurate, and meticulous. Elegance refers to its elegant style, attractive, unconventional, and has a high artistic style. Ming-style furniture has developed healthily on the basis of Song and Yuan furniture. This development continued until the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, forming a world-famous "Ming-style furniture." Today ’s Ming-style furniture, as a style feature, is not subject to CHANGZHOU ANTALYA TOOL AND MACHINERY CO., LTD. , https://www.atly-tool.com
Classical furniture refers to furniture from the period of the 16th century BC to the 5th century BC in ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, and ancient Rome.