[comprehensive] Mist shrouded more than 30 city environmental protection department: these three major factors are the "culprits"

Recently, in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, heavy pollution weather has not subsided, while the heavily polluted weather in the Northeast has come back. Starting from Harbin, it travels along the Harbin-Dalian line all the way south-southwest to the Shandong peninsula, Jiangsu, and northern Anhui, and spreads to more than 30 cities in 6 provinces. It spans more than 1600 kilometers, and many cities “destroyed”. The scope of influence and breadth of influence has been rare over the years. The Ministry of Environmental Protection organized and held a meeting on the 6th to analyze the cause of the heavy pollution, and put forward suggestions for prevention and control in the next step. The three major factors of industrial emissions, motor vehicle emissions, and coal-fired heating in winter are the “culprits” for this round of widespread air pollution.

Large-scale heavy pollution process in Northeast China, North China, and East China

According to Gong Zhengyu, director of the Atmospheric Office of China National Environmental Monitoring Center, from November 2 to 6, large areas of heavy pollution occurred in the Northeast, North China, and East China. The AQI (Air Quality Index) of 10 cities in the Northeast has reached the highest value of 500. The duration of the AQI of 500 cities including Harbin, Suihua and Daqing in Heilongjiang Province is respectively 14 hours, 23 hours and 24 hours. .

The pollution in Harbin is the most serious. The average daily and hourly values ​​of PM2.5 on November 4 reached 704 μg/m3 and 1281 μg/m3, respectively. The hourly value of PM2.5 in Daqing City also exceeded 1000 μg/m3. On the 5th, the scope of pollution in the northeast was further expanded.

From the night of the 5th to the morning of the 6th, affected by the transmission of pollution in the Northeast, Yantai, Shandong, Weifang, Qingdao, Rizhao, Zaozhuang, Xuzhou, Suqian, Jiangsu Province, Huaibei, and Chenzhou, Anhui provinces appeared one after another. The above pollution.

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas have also experienced a heavy pollution process, with pollution mainly concentrated in Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin and Shanxi. On the afternoon of the 4th, many cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region reached the peak of PM2.5 concentration. From the 5th, the degree of air pollution in Beijing, Tianjin, and surrounding areas gradually eased. On the 6th, the air quality in Beijing and surrounding cities was good.

Northeast fog is "burned out"

The Ministry of Environmental Protection pointed out that such a large area of ​​heavy pollution at the same time, the internal reason is that the emission of air pollutants is too large, unfavorable weather conditions are important incentives.

According to a researcher from the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Chai Fahe, the process of severely polluted weather in the northeast China has been continuously occurring for four years. The large-scale pollution process in the northeast and east China regions began in Harbin, Suihua, and Daqing in Heilongjiang Province on November 3-4. Heavy pollution was mainly caused by local winter coal-fired heating and biomass combustion emissions, resulting in regional large-scale pollution. The scope of pollution is the "culprit."

Chai Fahe said that on the afternoon of the 5th, affected by the air flow in the northeast direction, the contaminated air masses continued to transmit south-southwestwards, and they crossed the Bohai Bay to the Shandong Peninsula through the Changchun, Shenyang, and Dalian lines, and they affected Jiangsu and the city on the morning of the 6th. Northern area of ​​Anhui. The PM2.5 concentration in some cities in Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui may be affected by airborne pollutants as high as 30%-50%.

The analysis of the heavy pollution process in the Jing-Jin-Ji area shows that organic components and nitrates are still the main components of PM2.5 in this process, and industrial and motor vehicle emissions are the major sources of this heavy pollution. However, with the gradual activation of coal-fired heating facilities throughout the country, the secondary conversion of sulfates has increased at high humidity conditions near the ground at night, and the contribution to PM2.5 has increased.

To cope with large-scale air pollution, we must strengthen joint prevention and control

From November 2nd, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sent 12 inspection teams in succession to conduct inspections in key areas in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, and Jiangsu provinces.

The inspection found that there are still some outstanding problems in the response process: First, there is a general shortage of heavy pollution weather forecasting ability, the response level is low, such as severe pollution in Harbin continued for 26 hours, AQI reached 500 for 14 hours, only Blue alarm started. Second, the emergency contingency plans for some heavy-polluted weather in some cities are not perfect. For instance, Jilin Province's own level and multiple cities and counties have not revised emergency plans as required, and emergency response start conditions are high. Third, the issue of corporate emissions is still outstanding. Heilongjiang Province is the only large-scale coal-fired power plant in the country that does not have denitrification facilities installed, and there are a large number of coal-fired small boilers; independent heating coal-fired boilers in the three northeastern provinces are basically not equipped with denitrification facilities, and some even There is no installation of desulfurization facilities.

Chai Fahe proposed that efforts should be made to improve the pertinence of the winter prevention and control measures, with particular attention paid to the pollution prevention and control of residents burning coal, heating facilities, and open burning of straw.

At present, the Ministry of Environmental Protection has adopted three major measures in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region: coal-fired power plants have achieved ultra-low emission, heavy-polluting industrial companies have peaked at peak production and continue to promote energy restructuring, especially large-scale use of electricity and natural gas to replace loose coal In order to ensure that there will be no heavy pollution “battle” phenomenon in Beijing and surrounding cities. However, other areas lack the support of major abatement measures. Under extremely unfavorable weather conditions, if there are no more effective emergency management and control measures in advance, there is still the possibility of “debunking”.

In response to the large-scale heavy pollution weather, Chai Fahe proposed to strengthen regional air pollution joint prevention and control. Accelerate the improvement of relevant laws and regulations so that the government is not only responsible for the environmental air quality of the administrative region but also has accountability requirements for the resulting regional air pollution liability. At the same time, the establishment of regional air environment management agencies, improve the joint prevention and control work mechanism, clarify the mutual influence of each place, and effectively implement the responsibilities in order to effectively deal with regional heavy pollution weather.

At the same time, it is necessary to improve the contingency plan for heavy pollution weather as soon as possible. Reduce the threshold for early warning of heavily polluted weather, enhance forecasting and forecasting capabilities, improve emergency response plans, and improve the feasibility and pertinence of measures to achieve effective reduction of emergency measures.

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