Methods and experience for the correct use of glyphosate
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1. Why are there differences in the efficacy of glyphosate herbicides?
Glyphosate is an organic phosphine systemic selective herbicide, also known as Roundup and Zhencao Ning. It has broad spectrum and strong killing ability, and has no residue in the soil. It is widely used in chemical weeding in no-till fields and directed weeding in forests and orchards. It can kill all kinds of weeds growing on the ground, but it is not unearthed for underground germination. Grass is invalid. Glyphosate herbicides are effective against 40 species of weeds, including monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous, annual and perennial herbaceous weeds and shrubs, algae, and ferns. The inconsistent herbicidal effects of glyphosate herbicides reflected by farmers' friends have been investigated and observed by our farmers for several reasons: First, there are differences in the efficacy of different farming methods. The use of glyphosate herbicides is best used for no-till sowing. Spray the medicine 1-3 days before the crop sowing. It can also be sown after spraying for the season. Before the sowing, the drug does not directly contact with the crop seeds, and does not affect the seed germination and seedling growth, so the herbicidal and grass-soiling effects are better than the tillage. No-till does not turn the weed seeds in the soil layer to the topsoil, so the weed seeds are difficult to germinate. Once the crops are closed, the weed seeds and seedlings cannot grow due to the lack of sunlight. Therefore, the herbicidal effect of glyphosate herbicide on no-tillage land is better than that of tillage land. The second is the use of weeds in different growth stages, the efficacy will be different. Glyphosate is a systemic herbicide, so it should be used when the weeds grow most vigorously. In the general time from March to October in the botany characteristics, the best period of time before flowering should be used. In general, annual weeds have a height of about 15 cm, perennial weeds have a height of 30 cm, and 6-8 leaves are sprayed. It is the most suitable. Regardless of the weeding period of weeds, after weeds are aging, blind spraying and weeding, of course, will not receive the desired control effect. Weeding between crop rows, when the crop plants are higher and there is a certain gap between the weeds, the drug effect is better and safe. At this time, when the glyphosate herbicide is used, the crop is aging due to the lower leaves, the sensitivity to the drug is low, and the conductivity is poor, so the effect of the drug on the crop is small. For example, weeding between corn rows, weeding after weaving, and weeding between melons can be used in this way. Third, there are differences in the efficacy of spraying different concentrations. According to the survey, the concentration of the drug used by farmers in the use of glyphosate is not as strict as other pesticides, and the randomness is large. The phenomenon of increasing the dosage or reducing the dosage sometimes occurs. The type of weed must be considered when determining the concentration of the drug. Generally, grass weeds are sensitive to glyphosate and can be killed by low-dose liquids, while the concentration is increased when controlling broad-leaved weeds; higher concentrations are required for some perennial rhizomes-producing malignant weeds. The weeds are older and the resistance is improved, and the corresponding dose is also increased. For example, when weeding weeds in orchards, 10% glyphosate 500-700 g can be used for 30-40 kg of water for annual grass weeds; when used to control annual broadleaf weeds, the amount of liquid should be increased to 750-1000 g; For malignant weeds, the dosage should be 1250-1500 grams. However, when the drug is overdose, it will quickly kill the conductive tissue of the plant, but it will not be beneficial to the absorption of the drug solution and reduce the efficacy. Therefore, for economical use, the young grass should be killed first, then the corresponding concentration should be used after about 10 days. Directional spray? Malignant weeds.
Second, how to give full play to the herbicidal effect of glyphosate
First, the glyphosate solution should be transferred to the rhizome tissue under the grassland in large quantities to achieve the herbicidal effect. This requires weeds to have more leaves. If the weed area is small and the photosynthesis is not strong before use, the nutrients stored in the roots are transmitted from bottom to top. At this time, the amount of the liquid is input downward into the roots. To the effect of killing grass; while in the middle and late stages of weed growth, photosynthesis is strong, and photosynthetic products are transmitted from top to bottom. Therefore, the most important one for using glyphosate is to select the best period of administration. For example, it is best to use glyphosate to control weeds in corn fields. There are 2-3 old leaves in the lower part of the 1.5 m high corn seedlings. The best application is when the grass height reaches 10 cm. The second is to pay attention to environmental conditions. In the range of 24-25 degrees, the absorption of glyphosate by the weeds doubles with the increase of temperature, so the effect of the high temperature is lower than the temperature; the relative humidity of the air can prolong the surface of the plant. The wetting time is beneficial to the conduction of the drug; when the soil has a low water content, it is not conducive to the metabolism of the plant, and thus is not conducive to the conduction of the drug in the weeds, so the efficacy is also reduced. Third, regarding the problem of mixing glyphosate with other herbicides, some farmers want to remove a variety of grasses. In order to save labor, any other herbicides are added when using glyphosate, but the results are not good because some weeding The agent can not be mixed with glyphosate. For example, the quick-acting herbicides such as dimethyltetrachloride and gram-free can not be mixed with glyphosate, so as to avoid partial premature death on the grass and loss of the grass. The endocrine conduction function of phosphine. It reduces the killing effect of glyphosate on the root weeds of underground weeds. However, some plant growth regulators and adjuvants can be added to glyphosate to improve control. The fourth is to choose the best method of application. The method of drug control is very important for glyphosate to control weeds, because the higher the concentration in a certain concentration range, the finer the droplets of the sprayer are, which is beneficial to the absorption of weeds. The more the amount is used, the better the herbicidal effect. Adding 0.1% detergent powder to glyphosate or adding 30g diesel oil per acre can enhance the spreadability, permeability and adhesion of the drug and improve the control effect.
Third, pay attention to the safety of glyphosate on crops
Glyphosate is a herbicide. If it is used improperly, it will bring safety hazards to crops. Some farmers use glyphosate to weed the field, often because of the dispersion of glyphosate, causing phytotoxicity to the adjacent crops; In addition, after the farmers use, the sprayer is not cleaned as required. As a result, when the other pesticides are sprayed, the residual glyphosate agent is sprayed on other crops to cause phytotoxicity. If phytotoxicity occurs on rice, the leaves of the lighter are chlorotic, causing serious growth disorders, and severe or early death, or no heading, abnormal spikes, causing losses to rice production.
Gift rulers are used for advertising and promotion. They are divided into Steel tape (steel tape) and leather tape (PVC plastic fiber tape). They are usually cute and compact. Tape measures are also called measuring tools. Eighty-five percent of the world's tape measures are exported from China.
2, the characteristics of the tape measure
(1) The tape measure is too deformed and will not fail
Why didn't it fail? The spring in the tape measure is very long, and its range from completely relaxed to fully tightened is very large. The entire stroke of the tape measure includes it, and there is a margin at both ends, so the tape measure will not fail.
(2) Pull one meter long and pull two meters long, there is no difference in tension
The spring of the tape measure is very thin, and the amount of deformation when it is tightened is also small, so the reaction force is very small, and the force change is not felt when the rule is pulled.