Refractory Application Features
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Scope of application of refractories is constantly expanding With the development of smelting technology, the variety and quality of refractories have undergone major changes. The main transition from oxides and silicates is the combination of oxides, non-oxides, and graphite (including non-oxides). Such as silicon nitride bonded silicon carbide products, such as blast furnace furnace body gradually replace the high alumina brick and corundum products. Magnesia carbon bricks and magnesia dolomite carbon bricks have been widely used in oxygen converters and electric furnaces, and have been expanded to external refining equipment and steel drums. Carbon-bonded products, such as aluminum carbonaceous, zirconium carbonaceous, and aluminum zirconium carbonaceous, have become the main products of refractory materials for continuous casting. Alumina-silicon carbide-carbonaceous products have been successfully used in masonry hot metal pretreatment plants. Fused magnesia-chrome bricks, sintered magnesia-chromium bricks, and silicon carbide bricks have been fully utilized in non-ferrous metal smelting fields.
Oxide products such as magnesia, alumina, chromium oxide, and zirconium oxide have also been developed with increasing requirements for use, including corresponding amorphous materials and insulative refractory products.
Product varieties, quality improvement and improvement, raw materials also evolved from natural to natural selection and artificial synthesis and use. The processing technology is more stringent and follows the principles of fine material, fine distribution, fine blending, high pressure, high temperature, finishing and the use of composite technology and the use of micron-sized ultrafine powder ingredients. By adjusting and controlling the microstructure features, improving and improving the high temperature performance, optimizing the mechanical properties, thermal shock resistance and anti-corrosion performance, and adopting non-destructive testing methods to strictly control the quality.
The application scope of monolithic refractories is gradually expanding from low to medium temperature fields to high temperature fields. The use of monolithic refractories as a new furnace construction material has a short production cycle, saves energy consumption in production, is simple in construction, and has a strong integrity and comprehensive use during use. The advantages of being good have received increasing attention and there is a tendency to further replace some of the fired products. Among them, due to the successive development of low-cement, ultra-low-cement and non-cement refractory castables, as well as the use of synthetic raw materials and fused materials, the variety of the castables has been continuously expanded and the quality has been significantly improved. The amount of castables accounts for about 50 of the total amount of unshaped refractories. %. The range of applications for monolithic refractories has ranged from low to medium temperature to high temperature, from atmosphere furnaces to smelting furnaces in contact with molten metal. For example, the sintering furnace and the holding furnace of the sintering machine use high-aluminum plastic as the inner lining, and the service life exceeds the brick lining. The cast iron ditch of blast furnace is made of castable material lining made of high-grade synthetic raw materials such as corundum and silicon carbide. After continuous repair, the amount of iron passing through can reach 500,000 to 1 million tons, which satisfies the requirements for enhanced smelting of blast furnaces. For another example, in the water-cooled and furnace-out tapping furnace, in the consumption of 5-6kg of refractories per ton of steel, the amorphous material accounts for 4 to 5kg. The integrated sliver steel lining cast with high-quality raw materials for vibration molding has become a lining barrel lining. The direction of development. The type of monolithic refractories used in continuous casting has increased, and parts have been expanding. For example, magnesium-chromium coating has been used as the working layer of the intermediate tank, and the slag baffle plates for purified steel made from dense high-strength castables with ultra-low cement have achieved success. . Furnace refining uses high-purity aluminum-magnesia castables reinforced with steel fibers to successfully apply to CAS impregnated tubes; fused-in-cemented high-alumina cement-bonded corundum-based castables are used as RH straw linings, etc. effect. The furnace was upgraded from a castable, high-aluminum-cementable, plastics material to a clay-bonded castable. The service life significantly exceeds that of clay bricks.
Refractory material-based refractories are mainly used as structural materials for thermal equipment such as high-temperature furnaces and high-temperature vessels. With the development of smelting technology, in some smelting processes, it is necessary to use refractories with performance surpassing metal materials as working parts. In addition to the inherent properties of refractories, these working components (refractory products) must also have smelting technology. Required specific features. This opens up new ways of functionalizing refractory materials. It mainly includes sliding nozzles for throttling molten steel in continuous casting systems, argon blowing integral stoppers for throttling molten steel in intermediate tanks, long nozzles and immersion nozzles for preventing secondary oxidation of molten steel during pouring, and non-metal for filtering molten steel. Filters for inclusions, as well as gas supply elements for top-bottom reflow blow converters, bottom-blowing electric furnaces and ladle drums, are used as spray injectors for key components such as ceramic injectors. These refractories, as a part of the continuous casting machine, are important working parts. In addition to excellent thermal shock resistance, high temperature strength and corrosion resistance, they are absolutely safe and reliable in operation. And it has strict requirements on the dimensions, flatness, surface defects and cracks, etc. It is one of the most technologically intensive aspects in the refractory industry.
Refractory material consumption has decreased significantly Since entering the 1980s, the consumption of refractory materials per ton of steel in the iron and steel industry has dropped significantly. For example, Japan has reduced to 11.9kg, the United States to 15.5kg, and the United Kingdom to 15.3kg. China has reached a few advanced enterprises. Outside the 13.5 to 14 kg level, the national average is still relatively high: the key enterprises were 28.46 kg in 1990, 28.09 kg in 1991, and 26.43 kg in 1992 (all without amorphous materials), which is about three times that of advanced countries.
Reasons for the reduction in the unit consumption of refractory materials: First is the development of new refractory materials and the continuous improvement of product quality, followed by the renewal and improvement of smelting technologies and processes, and the strengthening of industry management standards, etc.