What should we do after the earthquake?

In the event of an earthquake, it is very important that we first be in a position that is convenient for salvage.

The self-rescue and rescue of earthquakes are inseparable. Personal measures in emergency must take into account accidents. Self-rescue should create conditions for being rescued so that once trapped, others can facilitate rescue.

Judging from the on-site rescue that employees of the China Rescue Equipment Network participated in, the mutual rescue of people within a few hours after the earthquake is the highest survival rate. Time is life and it is true. In the countryside, family neighborhoods are familiar with each other, the house is simple, and the house beams

Lifting from one end can save people. However, this high success rate is not achievable in urban areas. Once the reinforced concrete structure has collapsed, it will soon become inconsistent. It can hardly be detached except for a few parts. Heavy bricks,

Plates can be moved by hand even more. When the Tangshan earthquake struck, the rescuers had to use steel rods to cut off the messy steel structures a little. It was very difficult! There was no machinery, no police dogs, and a pair of hands. Survey shows that Xingtai earthquake

At the time, more than 200,000 people had been buried in the rubble. In the five minutes after the earthquake, more than 10,000 people rescued themselves from danger, and in 30 minutes more than 100,000 people were saved. In fact, the mutual rescue between residents is mostly digging, and holes are drilled on the four sides of the rubble to plan and dig.

Use caution to prevent accidental injury. At this time, the position of trapped people within the house has become crucial because the depth of manual excavation is very limited. Obviously, the closer one gets to the outer wall, the easier it is to get help from others. Rescue is not

Subsequent to the main. In the earthquake-stricken areas, doctors and children must be the objects of priority rescue. The special role of doctors is recognized by the people in the disaster area.

In the past earthquake propaganda, there was an argument of “hiding in a small room”. This is recommended for small-span roof spans in a two-story building, with good support of precast concrete panels, and low probability of falling. But for high-rise residents, not

Should promote. There are three types of small rooms in a tall building: kitchens, bathrooms and closets. In the former two there are flammable and explosive stoves, gas, liquefied gas and electrical appliances, as well as fragile dishes, mirrors and ceramics, and wall tiles; and closets (or storage boxes).

The space in the Tibetan library is too small and people are hard to come by. At present, the partition walls of small buildings in high-rise buildings are mostly thin slabs. They do not have load-bearing functions, and they are located in the interior corners of buildings. It is difficult to find a house once it collapses. From self-help

In view of being saved and convenient, this place is not a good place for earthquakes.

The primary difficulty in on-site assistance is not knowing the exact location of the trapped people. Urban residents are not familiar with each other and the problem is even more acute. Rescuers often find themselves in a difficult position. The early morning of July 28, 1976, when the Tangshan earthquake struck, we

Several comrades of the investigation team rushed to the earthquake zone after dripping with water. They drove to Ninghe, Hebei, and a rural woman died of a fight and begged us to save her son. But when we came to the scene together, we all felt that we didn’t know where to start and we followed

The mother's instructions were digging this side of the plane, but the trapped were never found, and the rescue failed. This matter left a deep impression on us. Whenever I think of it, I always feel uncomfortable in my heart. In contrast, when the 1975 Haicheng earthquake struck, there was a guest house.

All collapsed. The roof of the cement slab was larger than the basketball court. It was thick and heavy. The three floors were already flat. The victims inside the building could not be rescued. Only the first floor was near the outer wall and the heating. Some people were rescued in time. because

In order to rescue personnel, the hole can be opened quickly from the periphery of the rubble, and the position of the trapped person is very clear. From the point of view of facilitating others' assistance, the location of the indoor shock absorbers should be "inside out".

What is the best self-rescue measure

From the viewpoint of earthquake protection, all kinds of indoor emergency measures are very weak and limited, and will not prevent the destruction and collapse of houses. A large number of on-site investigations showed that the main causes of death from the earthquake were roof collapse and dusty odor.

item. Therefore, the prevention goal of self-rescue should be very clear: measures should be taken for falling and guilty, and do not interfere with one's actions by escaping attacks from ordinary falling objects. In a word, it would rather be injured and not die.

"Stay calm during the earthquake and go outdoor after the earthquake" is the universal tone of the earthquake in the world.

Earthquakes are different from explosions. There is a time course for the collapse of houses. From the beginning of the earthquake to the collapse of the house, there will be about 1 to 3 minutes, and the impact damage and collapse will be even slower. Therefore, it is best not to move at all during the earthquake. Try to maintain the station.

Position, maintain vision and mobility for the camera to act.

Do not care about the drop of indoor lights, heavy objects and equipment. Since the height of a city room is generally only 1.4 meters higher than humans, even a bruise will not be fatal. To quickly hide the ceiling from the collapsed position, that is to hide in the support and self

Next to stable objects, such as metal cabinets, cabinets, heating, and large appliances. Note that you can only get close to the support and you can't get into it. The purpose is to make use of the triangular shape of the cement slab that will fall when the roof collapses and the support

In this space, people can easily breathe in this space, and it is easy for others to help. Many people (including earthquake professionals) used to successfully avoid danger in this position. Rural residents should hide on the ground near the bandits.

Degree to support the landing beam. This method was confirmed in the earthquakes in Xingtai and Tangshan. The reason why you don’t approve of drilling into objects is that people lose their mobility immediately after drilling into a table and chair bed, and their vision is blocked and their limbs are constrained.

It is very easy to suffer collateral damage. It not only misses the chance of escape, but also brings inconvenience for being rescued. The lying posture is even worse. The flat area of ​​the human body is increased, and the probability of being hit is at least 5 times greater than standing. Above, and it is difficult to maneuver

. Urban residents should also pay attention to the fact that the dust, mortar, smoke, and toxic gases during the earthquake will be very serious. For most of the urban buildings and cement-based rural houses in China, where cement bricks and bricks are the main materials, Even more

prominent. Judging from the earthquake scene, most of the victims were not directly injured, mainly because they were buried in sand and rubble and were suffocated by dust and dust. The proportion of such deaths can be as high as 60% in some earthquakes!

In recent years of urban earthquake emergency, the real heating was optimistic. The heating capacity is relatively large, and the network structure and elasticity of the metal pipeline are not easily torn off, so that high-level residents are not likely to be thrown out during the great shaking of the earthquake;

The ventilation of the radiator is good, it is not easy to cause the suffocation of personnel; the water in the pipeline can also prolong the survival period; the more important point is that trapped persons can use the method of striking the radiator to pass through the pipeline to the outside world Information and location

The location of the heating is close to the exterior wall, which is conducive to the fastest way to get help from others. Some people in the Tangshan earthquake were rescued by this method. It is a new feature of the earthquake emergency measures in the city.

When urban residents go outdoors, they will still face complicated situations: electric wires, oil depots, boilers, embankments, and high-rise buildings all need to be avoided. Electric shocks, burning, explosions, collapses, and falling objects can easily occur here. In our current conditions, the best

The place to go is the empty space beside the road or a large space. It is also more convenient for ambulances and liaison. If possible, then grab a tree. The roots will hold the foundation firmly. The canopy can prevent falling objects. People can stand for emergency action.

To sum up, when taking measures that are conducive to other people's relief, we should mainly consider the advantageous position in the interior, and we can choose based on the principle of "not close to the fire near the water and not relying on the outside". In other words, don't go near stoves, gas pipes, and homes

Electric appliances are used to avoid the direct threat of fire, gas leaks, and short circuit of electric wires. If they can be near the water source, it will help to prolong the survival period of trapped persons. It is recommended not to select the inner position of the building but close to the outer wall (but Should avoid

Open corners and side gables and other weak parts). Once trapped, it is necessary to try to communicate with the outside world by making use of sounds, such as sounding an alarm clock, hitting furniture and metal, hitting heating pipes, and water pipes; using light, such as a handle torch, to open;

Electricity, such as cell phone reports.

At the turn of the 20th century at the beginning of this century, some major earthquakes occurred in the vicinity of large cities, such as Wenchuan in China, Tangshan, Hanshin (1995, 7.2), Istanbul (1999, 7.4), and Jiji, Taiwan (1999, grade 7.6). )

And the earthquakes in Gujarat, India (grades 2001 and 7.8) caused major losses. A grim reality is placed in front of people. The higher the level of urbanization is, the weaker is the ability to resist earthquake disasters. A series of earthquake emergency measures have emerged.

New issues. It is necessary for urban residents to realize that many of the practices of individual early earthquake response cannot be simply copied to cities.