Ecological management of rice diseases
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1. The prevention and control of rice diseases is based on ecological regulation, coordination of disease ecosystems, regulation of corresponding farmland ecosystems, avoidance or minimal use of chemical pesticides, in order to achieve the purpose of pollution-free and pollution-free rice plants, rice, soil, water and air.
2. Any prevention and control of rice diseases should focus on the extensive use of high-quality and high-yielding varieties of disease-resistant (insect), diversification of varieties (anti-pathogenic genes), and strict prevention of simplification.
3. Apply sufficient base fertilizer, promote organic fertilizer (and its preparation), biological bacterial fertilizer, formulate the standard of use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, promote the application of fertilizer in the field, and effectively control the chemical nitrogen fertilizer. Do not prematurely decay, not greedy, do not fall down.
4. Reasonable irrigation and drainage, and promote reasonable irrigation and drainage methods for early promotion, early control, multiple exposure, and light drying. The use of water control fertilizers, water control bacteria, and water-promoting wet irrigation methods in Putian and Honda can achieve fitness cultivation and control of pathogens. The purpose of the spread of the disease.
5. Low population, sparsely swelled, strong stems and strong leaves, no lodging, generally 3 to 5 seedlings per cluster of conventional rice, 2 seedlings of hybrid rice, reaching 80,000 basic acres per 667 square meters.
6. Forecasting. Pay special attention to the disease and weather forecast in the medium and long term, pay attention to short-term forecasting, and promptly guide the prevention and treatment of diseases. The main basis of disease prediction: 1 disease resistance level of rice seeds and its susceptibility period. 2 meteorological conditions. Rainy season or drought, two periods of low temperature. 3 cultivation techniques. More fat, too dense, dwarf stalks are easy to induce disease. The length and severity of the disease epidemic period mainly depend on the level of disease resistance of the local rice, the length of the rainy season (or drought) and sooner or later, and the extent to which the low temperature (below 20 °C) persists in the rice field.
Second, the singularity of rice disease prevention and control
1. The disease level of the rice blast mountain ecosystem (region) is very high, and only the varieties with high resistance and stable disease resistance can be used, otherwise the disease pandemic will be caused; the disease level of the ecosystem (zone) in the hilly area is unstable and vulnerable. The disturbance of climatic conditions is moderately diseased in the general year. It is appropriate to use the rice cultivar type with medium and above resistance level; the resistance level in hilly mountainous area is the same as that in mountainous area; the disease level of plain ecological system (area) in lake area is better. Low, the level of resistance is low. In the general year, the rice varieties with moderate resistance up and down level can be planted, which is more suitable for high-yield varieties, high-quality varieties, valuable varieties, special rice varieties and other rice varieties with low disease resistance. .
It is strictly forbidden to apply chemical nitrogen fertilizer for rice panicle fertilizer in rice fields of mountain ecosystems (regions), or apply nitrogen fertilizer at the late growth stage of rice to prevent the epidemic or pandemic of rice-necked rice blast; hilly areas or lake areas, plain ecosystems (areas) such as Rice varieties with medium or low disease resistance have been planted. In the rainy years, special attention should be paid to controlling the application rate and period of nitrogen fertilizer, and chemical nitrogen fertilizer is strictly controlled for ear fertilizer application.
Select the sowing date and transplanting period to prevent the rainy days and low temperature (such as cold dew) weather from the end of the panicle to the beginning of the ear, in order to prevent the prevalence of rice blast.
In the cold-watered paddy fields and deep mud foot fields in the mountains, drainage should be ditched and attention should be paid to the baking fields. In the lake area, high ridge cultivation should be promoted to increase water temperature and mud temperature. Other areas are dominated by wet irrigation.
The initial diseased plants are found in time, the disease center is controlled, and the prevention, prevention, and prevention of prevention and treatment are carried out in time.
2. Rice sheath blight early rice, mid-season, late rice, Putian and Honda should be cultivated, deep sclerotia to reduce the release of sclerotia, effectively control the infection of sclerotia, reduce the rate of sclerotia germination and mycelial spread. After the rain or after irrigation, the sclerotia is completely salvaged at the edge of the field and at the corner of the field, effectively reducing the malignant accumulation of the sclerotia into an inverted pyramid.
We will vigorously promote the application of organic improvers such as compost, cake fertilizer and plant residues to control a variety of soil-borne diseases dominated by sheath blight, improve soil microflora, promote plant growth, and promote the emergence of induced resistance. Promote small clusters of rare plants, ensure the number of effective panicles, and strictly control the large basic seedlings and the number of large points. Large groups that are overly densely planted, dwarf varieties are not suitable for planting.
Jinggangmycin is still a safe, non-polluting and effective agent. It should be applied once at the end of the tillering stage and at the end of the booting stage. It depends on the development of the disease. Late rice should be determined according to the sooner or later arrival of cold dew wind (below 20 ° C) and intensity and condition to determine whether to apply for the second time.
3. The non-disease area of ​​bacterial blight should strengthen the inspection of rice seeds, eliminate the transfer of diseased seeds, and disinfect the seeds. Choosing Putian, mainly in the paddy field, to prevent flooding, Honda does not mix irrigation, flood irrigation, to prevent flooding. Prevent the flow of diseased water into non-sick fields and effectively control the epidemic of bacterial blight. It is advisable to plant rice varieties with strong disease resistance in the paddy fields of the estuary and in the rivers, rivers and lakesides.
From: China Agriculture Network