How to prevent and control soybean mosaic disease
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First, the cause of the disease 1. Seed poisoning The pathogen is mosaic virus, the virus particles are linear. The primary infection source of soybean mosaic disease is mainly poisonous seeds, and the plants grown with poisonous seeds become the poison source of reinfection in the field, and soybean mosaic virus is easily exposed to infection. Soybean seeds infected with viral diseases have many brown (black) plaques, and the seed brown (black) plaque rate is about 10%.
2. Aphid transmission The soybean mosaic virus vector insect is mainly soybean meal. The temperature is high and the rainfall is low, the concentration of soybean body fluid is high, and nutrient enrichment is beneficial to the reproduction of aphids. The larger the number of aphids and the earlier they appear, the more early diseased plants, the heavier the mosaic disease. In recent years, the occurrence of soybean aphids has been large, providing a medium for the occurrence of soybean mosaic virus. From 2000 to 2003, the occurrence of aphids was nearly 10,000 aphids per 100 soybeans, and the rate of aphids was over 90%. .
Second, the onset of symptoms 1. Symptoms of diseased leaves of soybean mosaic disease The leaves have typical mosaic symptoms, generally the symptoms of mosaic on the young leaves are obvious, but not obvious on the old leaves. There are three common symptoms of mosaic: one is the heavy leaf type. The diseased leaves are yellow-green mottled, severely curled, the veins are brown and curved, the mesophyll is blister-like, dark green, the leaf margin of the whole leaf is curled backward, the veins are necrotic in the later stage, and the plant is dwarfed. The second is the shrinking mosaic type. The diseased leaves are yellow-green and yellow, and the leaves are blister-like along the veins. The leaves are curled downwards to make the leaves shrink and twisted, and the plants are dwarfed and less pods. The third is light flower type. The leaf growth was basically normal, and there was a slight yellowish mottled appearance by the naked eye. The diseased leaves were seen through the daylight and there were yellow and green mottled. Generally, the disease-resistant variety or the late susceptible plants exhibit this symptom.
2. Symptoms of soybean seedlings Generally, the phenomenon of Mingmai appears on the true leaves, and soon becomes a flower-like shape, the internodes of the disease are shortened, and the plants are dwarfed. The seed-borne plants were dwarfed, while the plants that were infected by aphids were not dwarfed.
3. Symptoms of lesions on soybean seeds often appear radial or irregular brown or black markings from the umbilicus. The presence or absence of markings is related to the severity of the disease. The seed markings of the diseased plants growing from the poisonous seeds. Obviously, the seed transmission has a high rate of poisoning, and the plants that are susceptible to infection by the aphids in the later stage, especially the dead plants that are susceptible to flowering after flowering, are often not marked on the seeds. However, whether the seed is poisoned or not is not completely determined by the presence or absence of markings. The seeds without markings are not necessarily poisonous.
Third, prevention and control measures 1. Select soybean seeds Before planting, we must strictly select the seeds, manually select the diseased soybean grains, remove the brown (black) plaque, and minimize the initial infection source.
2. The occurrence and control of diseased soybean mosaic disease is closely related to the occurrence and the occurrence of aphids in the morning and evening. Therefore, the investigation and prediction of the insects are carried out, and the cockroaches are sprayed in time to eliminate mites, and the locusts are eliminated at the point and stage. It is the key to controlling soybean mosaic disease.
The agents for controlling mites are: 10% imidacloprid per hectare (big hero, one pass net, sputum, sputum, etc.) wettable powder 300-450 grams, 3% Mobilan emulsifiable concentrate 450 ml, spray 450 kg of water Or use 2.5% green kungfu emulsifiable concentrate 600ml, 20% Huifeng gram emulsion 300-450ml per hectare, and evenly spray 450kg of water.
3. Pharmacy prevention In the soybean seedling stage, the diseased plant is removed in time with the shovel. At the same time, before the onset or early onset of the disease to start spraying drugs to prevent viral diseases, using 2% of the bacteria gram water agent per hectare 1.7 ~ 2.25 kg, spray 150 kg of water, to achieve uniform spray, no leakage spray, continuous application 2 Times, each interval of 7 to 10 days; or 20 grams of 20% toxic A temperable powder per hectare, spray 450 kg of water, spray evenly, spray once every 7 to 10 days, even spray 3 times. In addition, in July-August, it is also possible to combine the use of aphid spray to control viral diseases.