The toilet is selected as the greatest invention in history, reflecting the civilization of human life
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At the beginning of the invention: feces fell on the street, the River Thames stinks, causing infectious diseases
The world ’s first toilet appeared in Crete in 2000 BC, but the real flush toilet was only invented more than 400 years ago, and the urban sewer system is only about 150 years old.
Before the advent of modern toilets, the location of people's excretion was random. Most of the people "hide behind the trees" to solve personal problems, or dump their waste on the street outside the window. The nobles are not much better. In 1606, Henry IV ordered that the nobles be banned from urinating in the corner of the Louvre. In 1843, Queen Victoria visited the University of Cambridge. She asked the principal who was accompanying her: "What are the papers going down stream?" The principal knew that those were toilet papers, but did not want to embarrass the queen, and replied: "Your Majesty, that Is a notice prohibiting swimming here. "
In China, the name "toilet" can be traced back to the "Mu Ma Zi" in Ouyang Xiu's "Return to the Field" II in the Northern Song Dynasty. The toilet was made into the shape of a horse in the early period, and later changed to the shape of a round toilet. This is also the origin of the name "toilet".
The first toilet of modern significance was the British nobleman John? Invented by Harrington, he designed a flush toilet in 1597 and installed this new invention in Queen Elizabeth's court. In 1775, the British watchmaker Cummings improved the water storage tank of the Harrington toilet, so that each time the water in the water storage tank is used up, the valve can be automatically closed and the water can be automatically filled. Water tank. Three years later, London craftsman Brammer relocated the water storage tank above the toilet, and installed a handle on it to control the water outlet valve of the water storage tank, and also installed a lid on the urinal. In the late 18th century, the British inventor Joseph? Bramay has improved the design of the toilet, and invented a U-shaped elbow that prevents the sewage pipe from emitting odor.
Although the toilet brings personal hygiene, the excrement is directly discharged into the river along the pipeline, which leads to serious environmental pollution, thus causing the spread of infectious diseases. It was not until the summer of 1858 that the famous "Big Stink Event" broke out in London's Thames, and people began to establish the sewer system. In the late 19th century, water pipes and sewage systems were installed in major cities in Europe, and toilets were really popularized.
Development: The wood remains bacteria, the stone is difficult to clean, and the ceramic is the most hygienic
For the early inventors, one of the biggest difficulties in manufacturing toilets is raw materials.
The original toilet was made of wood, but the hardness was not enough, and it was easy to leak and not form a certain shape. Over time, feces will remain on the toilet, breeding bacteria and spreading disease.
Later, it was suggested to use stone and lead to make the toilet, that is, heat the stone and lead, and then use bitumen, turpentine and wax to seal the gap. This toilet solves the leakage problem, but it is very troublesome to manufacture, and it is very bulky, and it is not convenient to use. In addition, there is a lot of dust, and it is cold to sit on it in winter, which also brings many hidden health risks.
After Chinese porcelain entered Europe, it opened a new page for the development of toilet technology. As Europeans mastered the porcelain making process, porcelain gradually evolved from the original luxury goods to the raw materials for making toilets. The ceramic toilet is sturdy, does not leak water, does not leave germs, and is easy to clean. At the same time, it has a long service life, which can be described as a leap in the history of toilet development. In 1883, Thomas? Turiffeld made ceramic toilets marketable and became the most widely used sanitary appliances.
In terms of water saving, the design of the toilet is constantly improving and improving. The new two-stage water-saving toilet solves the waste of water resources. The two-stage water-saving toilet is divided into 3 liters and 6 liters of two-stage flushing, and the amount of water can be selected according to the needs of different toilets.
The future: the toilet has medical functions, and humanity design is the most popular
The invention of the toilet can really be regarded as a classic in the civilization of human life, and it has been constantly innovated in recent decades. With the application of high and new technology, the function of modern toilets is no longer limited to solving people's internal problems.
Japan is at the forefront of the world in this regard. According to reports, Japan recently launched a so-called top toilet in the world-"smart toilet", which can be regarded as a mini medical station. Users can go to the toilet and do a health check. In addition to measuring blood pressure, the high-tech accessories of the toilet can also do urine analysis, and the scale next to it can also measure blood fat.
The famous TOTO of Japan (TOTO) even launched MP3 toilets. As long as people sit on it, soft music will float out. Not only that, this type of toilet can also emit four different aromas, which has the effect of purifying the toilet.
Although toilets have become an essential necessity for people, according to the World Health Organization, as many as 2.5 billion people worldwide still lack modern toilet facilities. The toilet should not only develop in the direction of high technology, but also be more humanized and truly meet the needs of the general public.
The following statement from Dr. Potak of India tells us that the toilet still has a major historical mission: "I think toilets are as important as literacy, poverty, and education. The development of toilets in Europe and North America is still not over. Developing countries have more room for development. "Function forumhottag_callback (data) {tags = data;} parsetag ();