Contact and contactless smart cards
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Non-contact smart cards are more independent and efficient because they only need to face the card with the reader for one second to complete the recognition. The so-called non-contact means that the smart card or key card or the like sends data to the card reader without substantial contact. When the cardholder approaches the card reader (distance up to 15 centimeters), the data reading is completed and the data passes through this distance through the electromagnetic field.
This type of card contains a chip that can "talk" with the reader, using radio frequency identification (RFID) sensing technology (data transfer rate is 106Kb to 848Kb per second). These cards can be read only near the antenna. They are usually used in places where fast transaction processing or non-manpower operation is required, such as a public transportation system. The card holder in the application site does not even need to take out the smart card from the wallet.
Interestingly, the chip functions of the two smart cards are basically the same. The front of the contact smart card has a small gold chip with a diameter of about 0.5 inches. After the card is inserted into the card reader, the chip contacts the electronic connector in the card reader, which can read the information in the chip and can write new information.
Contact smart cards conform to ISO/IEC 7816 and ISO/IEC 7810 standards. These standards describe the physical shape of cards, the position and shape of electronic connectors, electronic characteristics, communication protocols, and the format of commands sent to cards and cards. Sex and function. The contact card does not require a battery and its energy is supplied by the card reader.
Contactless smart cards follow the ISO/IEC 14443 standard. The standard defines two types of contactless cards - A and B - that can achieve up to 10 meters of communication. Significant examples of the large-scale use of contactless smart cards are the Octopus card in Hong Kong, the Calypso/Navigo card in Paris, and the Lisboa Viva card in Lisbon, which were introduced before the ISO/IEC 14443 standard.